Difference between revisions of "Font Switching"

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< [[Basic Text Formatting]] | [[Fonts]] | [[Font Sizes]] >
+
< [[Basic Text Formatting]] | [[Fonts]] >
  
  
Line 9: Line 9:
 
* a complete font change ({{cmd|setupbodyfont}}, {{cmd|switchtobodyfont}}).
 
* a complete font change ({{cmd|setupbodyfont}}, {{cmd|switchtobodyfont}}).
  
==  Warning ==
+
==  Before you start ... ==
  
Placing a font switch at the begin of a paragraph can sometimes
+
1. Placing a font switch at the begin of a paragraph can sometimes generate unexpected side-effects. This can be avoided by forcing horizontal mode before any font change:
generate unexpected side-effects. This can be avoided by forcing
 
horizontal mode before any font change:
 
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
\dontleavehmode{\bf Warning!} Care must be taken when a font switch is used
+
\dontleavehmode{\bf Warning!} Care must be taken when a font switch is used at the beginning of a paragraph.\par
at the beginning of a paragraph.\par
 
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
 +
 +
2. It is usually a bad style to use explicit font switches in the text. It is better to    define a semantic command that takes care of the font switching. For example, instead of  using <code>{\bf\red important text}</code>
 +
<texcode>
 +
\definehighlight[important][style=bold, color=red]
 +
</texcode>
 +
and then use <code>\important{important text}</code> in the text.
  
 
==  Font styles and alternatives ==
 
==  Font styles and alternatives ==
Line 33: Line 36:
 
You can generally combine font styles with alternatives, so if you want to
 
You can generally combine font styles with alternatives, so if you want to
 
switch to bold sans serif, you can use either <code>\bf\ss</code> or
 
switch to bold sans serif, you can use either <code>\bf\ss</code> or
<code>\ss\bf</code>.  
+
<code>\ss\bf</code>. The various combinations look like the following.
  
There is a font switch {{cmd|em}} to ''emphasize'' text. This is somewhat
+
<context mode="mkiv">
special: it does automatic italic correction and changes the alternative depending
+
\setupbodyfont[8pt]
on the current alternative. For example, if the current font alternative is normal (i.e. upright),
+
\setupcolors[rgb, state=start]
{{cmd|em}} switches to slanted; and if the current font alternative is slanted,
+
\definecolor[one][c=0, m=.4, y=1, k=0]
{{cmd|em}} switches to normal.
+
\definecolor[two][c=0, m=.2, y=.5, k=0]
 +
\setupTABLE[frame=off,offset=0.5em]
 +
 
 +
\setupTABLE[c][2][style=\rm]
 +
\setupTABLE[c][3][style=\ss]
 +
\setupTABLE[c][4][style=\tt]
 +
\setupTABLE[r][1][background=color, backgroundcolor=one]
 +
\setupTABLE[c][1][background=color, backgroundcolor=one]
 +
 
 +
\startTABLE
 +
  \NC            \NC \type{\rm} serif \NC \type{\ss} sans serif \NC \type{\tt} teletype \NC \NR
 +
  \NC \type{\tf}  \NC Normal          \NC Normal                \NC Normal              \NC \NR
 +
\NC \type{\bf}  \NC \bf Bold            \NC \bf Bold                  \NC \bf Bold  \NC \NR
 +
\NC \type{\it}  \NC \it Italic          \NC \it Italic                \NC \it Italic \NC \NR
 +
\NC \type{\sl}  \NC \sl Slanted          \NC \sl Slanted              \NC \sl Slanted\NC \NR
 +
\NC \type{\bi}  \NC \bi Bold Italic      \NC \bi Bold Italic          \NC \bi Bold Italic\NC \NR
 +
\NC \type{\bs} \NC \bs Bold Slanted    \NC \bs Bold Slanted          \NC \bs Bold Slanted\NC \NR
 +
\NC \type{\sc} \NC \sc Smallcaps    \NC \sc Smallcaps          \NC \sc Smallcaps\NC \NR
 +
\stopTABLE
  
ConTeXt uses the Latin Modern fonts by default; these fonts look
+
</context>
similar to the original Computer Modern fonts, but have a much larger
 
character repertoire.  As it happens, in the Latin Modern (and Computer
 
Modern) fonts, the slanted font does not stand out from the
 
upright font enough for some tastes; so, many people prefer to use the
 
italic font for emphasis. To do that use
 
<texcode>
 
\definebodyfontenvironment[default][em=italic]
 
</texcode>
 
  
 
A font switch remains valid for the rest of the ''group''. So, if you want to
 
A font switch remains valid for the rest of the ''group''. So, if you want to
Line 73: Line 86:
 
And serif again
 
And serif again
 
</context>
 
</context>
 +
 +
== Emphasizing text ==
 +
There is a font switch {{cmd|em}} to ''emphasize'' text. This is somewhat
 +
special: it does automatic italic correction and changes the alternative depending
 +
on the current alternative. For example, if the current font alternative is normal (i.e. upright),
 +
{{cmd|em}} switches to slanted; and if the current font alternative is slanted,
 +
{{cmd|em}} switches to normal.
 +
 +
<context>
 +
\starttabulate[|l|f{\tf}l|f{\it}l|f{\sl}l|f{\bf}l|f{\bi}l|f{\bs}l|]
 +
\NC                \NC \tttf \tex{tf} \NC \tttf \tex{it} \NC \tttf \tex{sl} \NC
 +
\tttf \tex{bf} \NC \tttf \tex{bi} \NC \tttf \tex{bs} \NC\NR
 +
\NC                \NC          Text \NC          Text \NC          Text \NC
 +
Text \NC          Text \NC          Text \NC\NR
 +
\NC \tex{em}      \NC \em      Text \NC \em      Text \NC \em      Text \NC
 +
\em      Text \NC \em      Text \NC \em      Text \NC\NR
 +
\NC \tex{boldface} \NC \boldface Text \NC \boldface Text \NC \boldface Text \NC
 +
\boldface Text \NC \boldface Text \NC \boldface Text \NC\NR
 +
\NC \tex{typeface} \NC \typeface Text \NC \typeface Text \NC \typeface Text \NC
 +
\typeface Text \NC \typeface Text \NC \typeface Text \NC\NR
 +
\NC \tex{swapface} \NC \swapface Text \NC \swapface Text \NC \swapface Text \NC
 +
\swapface Text \NC \swapface Text \NC \swapface Text \NC\NR
 +
\stoptabulate
 +
</context>
 +
 +
ConTeXt uses the Latin Modern fonts by default; these fonts look
 +
similar to the original Computer Modern fonts, but have a much larger
 +
character repertoire.  As it happens, in the Latin Modern (and Computer
 +
Modern) fonts, the slanted font does not stand out from the
 +
upright font enough for some tastes; so, many people prefer to use the
 +
italic font for emphasis. To do that use
 +
<texcode>
 +
\definebodyfontenvironment[default][em=italic]
 +
</texcode>
 +
 +
{{note| For Opentype fonts, italic correction needs to be set using
 +
<texcode>\definefontfeature[default][default][itlc=yes]</texcode>}}
  
 
==  Font sizes ==
 
==  Font sizes ==
Line 81: Line 131:
 
<code>(1.2)^2 = 1.44</code>, {{cmd|tfc}} to scale by <code>(1.2)^3 = 1.728</code> and {{cmd|tfd}} to
 
<code>(1.2)^2 = 1.44</code>, {{cmd|tfc}} to scale by <code>(1.2)^3 = 1.728</code> and {{cmd|tfd}} to
 
scale by <code>(1.2)^4 = 2.074</code>. The scale is relative to the current bodyfont size.
 
scale by <code>(1.2)^4 = 2.074</code>. The scale is relative to the current bodyfont size.
 +
  
 
To decrease the font size, you can use {{cmd|tfx}}
 
To decrease the font size, you can use {{cmd|tfx}}
 
to scale the font by a factor of <code>0.8</code> and {{cmd|tfxx}} to scale by a factor
 
to scale the font by a factor of <code>0.8</code> and {{cmd|tfxx}} to scale by a factor
 
of <code>0.6</code>.
 
of <code>0.6</code>.
 +
 +
The complete set of relative font sizes are listed below:
 +
{| style="border:1px solid #ffcc00; width:100%; padding: 0.5em;"
 +
|- align="right"
 +
!size||factor        ||4pt||5pt||6pt||7pt||8pt||9pt||10pt||11pt||12pt||14.4pt||17.3pt||20.7pt
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|xx  ||0.6          ||4  ||5  ||5  ||5  ||5  ||5  ||6  ||7  ||8  ||10    ||12    ||14.4
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|x  ||0.8          ||4  ||5  ||5  ||6  ||6  ||7  ||8  ||9  ||10  ||12    ||14.4  ||17.3
 +
|- align="right" style="background-color: #ffeebb;"
 +
|tf  ||1.0          ||4  ||5  ||6  ||7  ||8  ||9  ||10  ||11  ||12  ||14.4  ||17.3  ||20.7
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|a  ||1.2          ||4.8||6.0||7.2||8.4||9.6||10.8||12.0||13.2||14.4||17.3 ||20.7  ||24.8
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|b  ||1.44          ||5.8||7.2||8.6||10.1||11.5||13.0||14.4||15.8||17.3||20.7||24.9 ||29.8
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|c  ||1.728        ||6.9||8.6||10.4||12.1||13.8||15.6||17.3||19.0||20.7||24.9||29.9||35.8
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|d  ||2.074        ||8.3||10.4||12.4||14.5||16.6||18.7||20.7||22.8||24.9||29.9||35.9||42.9
 +
|-
 +
| _
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|scriptscript|| 0.5  ||4  ||5  ||5  ||5  ||5  ||5  ||5  ||6  ||7  ||9  ||10  ||12
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|script|| 0.7        ||4  ||5  ||5  ||6  ||6  ||7  ||7  ||8  ||9  ||11  ||12  ||14.4
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|small|| 0.8        ||4  ||4  ||5  ||5  ||6  ||7  ||8  ||9  ||10  ||12  ||14.4||17.3
 +
|- align="right"
 +
|big || 1.2          ||6  ||7  ||8  ||9  ||10 ||11 ||12 ||12 ||14.4||17.3||20.7||20.7
 +
|}
 +
 +
As defined in [[source:font-ini.mkvi|font-ini]]. All sizes in pt, except factor.
 +
  
 
The mapping of particular command suffixes (a, x, etc.) and current bodyfont size to effective font size can
 
The mapping of particular command suffixes (a, x, etc.) and current bodyfont size to effective font size can
be changed by {{cmd|definebodyfontenvironment}}.
+
be changed by {{cmd|definebodyfontenvironment}}. The default values defined in [[source:font-ini.mkiv|font-ini]] are:
For example, if you want
+
<texcode>
{{cmd|tfa}} to set the effective font size to 12pt when the bodyfont size is 10pt, and to set the effective font size to  
+
\definebodyfontenvironment
 +
  [\s!default]
 +
  [        \s!text=1.0,
 +
        \s!script=0.7,
 +
  \s!scriptscript=0.5,
 +
              \c!a=1.200,
 +
              \c!b=1.440,
 +
              \c!c=1.728,
 +
              \c!d=2.074,
 +
                *=\currentfontscale, % wildcard
 +
              \c!x=0.8,
 +
            \c!xx=0.6,
 +
            \c!big=1.2,
 +
          \c!small=0.8,
 +
\c!interlinespace=,
 +
            \c!em=\v!slanted]
 +
</texcode>
 +
'''N.B.''': <code>scirpt</code> and <code>scriptsize</code> are used in math mode.
 +
 
 +
It is also possible to set the scaling factors for specific font sizes. For example, if you want {{cmd|tfa}} to set the effective font size to 12pt when the bodyfont size is 10pt, and to set the effective font size to  
 
14pt when the bodyfont size is 11pt, then add
 
14pt when the bodyfont size is 11pt, then add
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
Line 95: Line 198:
 
\definebodyfontenvironment [11pt] [a=14pt]
 
\definebodyfontenvironment [11pt] [a=14pt]
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
 +
 +
'''Note:''' When the first parameter is <code>default</code>, the scaling factors ''must'' have numerical values. When the first parameter is a font size (e.g., <code>12pt</code>), the scaling factors can either be numerical value or a dimension.
 +
 
{{cmd|definebodyfontenvironment}} is described in detail in  
 
{{cmd|definebodyfontenvironment}} is described in detail in  
the ConTeXt manual and the [[source:font-ini.tex|font-ini.tex]] source file.
+
the ConTeXt manual and the [[source:font-ini.mkiv|font-ini]] source file.
  
 
Font size can be combined with font styles. As a shortcut, you can use
 
Font size can be combined with font styles. As a shortcut, you can use
Line 148: Line 254:
  
 
In addition, the commands {{cmd|smallbodyfont}} and
 
In addition, the commands {{cmd|smallbodyfont}} and
{{cmd|bigbodyfont}} can be used to change the font size.
+
{{cmd|bigbodyfont}} can be used to change the font size. The relative size depends on the value of <code>big</code> and <code>small</code> in {{cmd|definebodyfontenvironment}}.
  
 
These mnemonic font switches are pretty smart. You can either use them as
 
These mnemonic font switches are pretty smart. You can either use them as
Line 164: Line 270:
 
\setuphead[section][style=bold]  
 
\setuphead[section][style=bold]  
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
 +
 +
(<code>\boldface</code> shown above is also defined to parallel the
 +
<code>\typeface</code> and <code>\swapface</code> switches.)
  
 
== Complete font (bodyfont) change ==
 
== Complete font (bodyfont) change ==
Line 184: Line 293:
 
{{cmd|switchtobodyfont}} can be localized within a group as usual.
 
{{cmd|switchtobodyfont}} can be localized within a group as usual.
  
== Different typefaces ==
+
== Switching typefaces ==
  
 
So far we have discussed style and size changes within a given typeface
 
So far we have discussed style and size changes within a given typeface
 
family.  If you want to use a different typeface altogether, such as Times or
 
family.  If you want to use a different typeface altogether, such as Times or
Palatino, the Pragma web site has recipes covering all the commonly available
+
Palatino, see the following articles.
typefaces [http://pragma-ade.com/general/manuals/showfont.pdf], while a
 
separate manual describes how to write support for new typefaces
 
[http://pragma-ade.com/general/manuals/mfonts.pdf].
 
  
The recipes as given work with the standalone ConTeXt distribution, but not
 
with TeX Live et al.  [http://pragma-ade.com/general/technotes/tfmetrics.pdf]
 
explains why ConText uses separate font metrics, and gives some differences
 
between the sets. To use the recipes with other distributions,
 
try adding one of <code>\usetypescript[berry][ec]</code> or
 
<code>\usetypescript[adobekb][ec]</code>.
 
  
 
* [[Simple Typescript Example]]
 
* [[Simple Typescript Example]]
Line 204: Line 304:
 
* [[Linux Libertine on mkiv]]
 
* [[Linux Libertine on mkiv]]
  
==  Conclusion ==
 
  
There are many other ways of choosing font styles in ConTeXt. If these
+
 
basic styles do not satisfy your needs, have a look at the [[Manuals|manuals]],
 
or ask on the [[ConTeXt Mailing Lists]].
 
  
 
[[Category:Fonts]]
 
[[Category:Fonts]]

Revision as of 14:46, 7 October 2019

< Basic Text Formatting | Fonts >


In ConTeXt there are four ways to switch fonts:

Before you start ...

1. Placing a font switch at the begin of a paragraph can sometimes generate unexpected side-effects. This can be avoided by forcing horizontal mode before any font change:

\dontleavehmode{\bf Warning!} Care must be taken when a font switch is used at the beginning of a paragraph.\par

2. It is usually a bad style to use explicit font switches in the text. It is better to define a semantic command that takes care of the font switching. For example, instead of using {\bf\red important text}

\definehighlight[important][style=bold, color=red]

and then use \important{important text} in the text.

Font styles and alternatives

There are three main types of font styles: serif, sans serif, and teletype. To switch between these styles, use \rm for serif, \ss for sans serif, and \tt for teletype.

Each of these styles comes in different alternatives: normal, bold, italic, slanted, bold-italic, bold-slanted, and small-capped. To switch to a different alternative, use \tf ("typeface") for normal, \bf for bold, \it for italic, \sl for slanted, \bi for bold-italic, \bs for bold-slanted, and \sc for small-capped.

You can generally combine font styles with alternatives, so if you want to switch to bold sans serif, you can use either \bf\ss or \ss\bf. The various combinations look like the following.

A font switch remains valid for the rest of the group. So, if you want to temporarily switch to a different font, use the font style command inside a group. The easiest way to start a group is to enclose the text within braces (also called curly brackets), for example

This is serif text
{\ss This is sans serif}
This is serif again
{\tt and this is typewriter}
And serif again

which gives (notice the braces in the above lines)

Emphasizing text

There is a font switch \em to emphasize text. This is somewhat special: it does automatic italic correction and changes the alternative depending on the current alternative. For example, if the current font alternative is normal (i.e. upright), \em switches to slanted; and if the current font alternative is slanted, \em switches to normal.

ConTeXt uses the Latin Modern fonts by default; these fonts look similar to the original Computer Modern fonts, but have a much larger character repertoire. As it happens, in the Latin Modern (and Computer Modern) fonts, the slanted font does not stand out from the upright font enough for some tastes; so, many people prefer to use the italic font for emphasis. To do that use

\definebodyfontenvironment[default][em=italic]

NOTE: For Opentype fonts, italic correction needs to be set using
\definefontfeature[default][default][itlc=yes]

Font sizes

Occasionally one needs to use a font size different from the bodyfont. ConTeXt provides two series of commands for that. For a larger font size, you can use \tfa to scale the font size by a factor of 1.2, \tfb to scale by a factor of (1.2)^2 = 1.44, \tfc to scale by (1.2)^3 = 1.728 and \tfd to scale by (1.2)^4 = 2.074. The scale is relative to the current bodyfont size.


To decrease the font size, you can use \tfx to scale the font by a factor of 0.8 and \tfxx to scale by a factor of 0.6.

The complete set of relative font sizes are listed below:

size factor 4pt 5pt 6pt 7pt 8pt 9pt 10pt 11pt 12pt 14.4pt 17.3pt 20.7pt
xx 0.6 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 10 12 14.4
x 0.8 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 12 14.4 17.3
tf 1.0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14.4 17.3 20.7
a 1.2 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12.0 13.2 14.4 17.3 20.7 24.8
b 1.44 5.8 7.2 8.6 10.1 11.5 13.0 14.4 15.8 17.3 20.7 24.9 29.8
c 1.728 6.9 8.6 10.4 12.1 13.8 15.6 17.3 19.0 20.7 24.9 29.9 35.8
d 2.074 8.3 10.4 12.4 14.5 16.6 18.7 20.7 22.8 24.9 29.9 35.9 42.9
_
scriptscript 0.5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 9 10 12
script 0.7 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 11 12 14.4
small 0.8 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14.4 17.3
big 1.2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14.4 17.3 20.7 20.7

As defined in font-ini. All sizes in pt, except factor.


The mapping of particular command suffixes (a, x, etc.) and current bodyfont size to effective font size can be changed by \definebodyfontenvironment. The default values defined in font-ini are:

\definebodyfontenvironment
  [\s!default]
  [        \s!text=1.0,
         \s!script=0.7,
   \s!scriptscript=0.5,
              \c!a=1.200,
              \c!b=1.440,
              \c!c=1.728,
              \c!d=2.074,
                 *=\currentfontscale, % wildcard
              \c!x=0.8,
             \c!xx=0.6,
            \c!big=1.2,
          \c!small=0.8,
 \c!interlinespace=,
             \c!em=\v!slanted]

N.B.: scirpt and scriptsize are used in math mode.

It is also possible to set the scaling factors for specific font sizes. For example, if you want \tfa to set the effective font size to 12pt when the bodyfont size is 10pt, and to set the effective font size to 14pt when the bodyfont size is 11pt, then add

\definebodyfontenvironment [10pt] [a=12pt]
\definebodyfontenvironment [11pt] [a=14pt]

Note: When the first parameter is default, the scaling factors must have numerical values. When the first parameter is a font size (e.g., 12pt), the scaling factors can either be numerical value or a dimension.

\definebodyfontenvironment is described in detail in the ConTeXt manual and the font-ini source file.

Font size can be combined with font styles. As a shortcut, you can use \bfa to get bold font scaled by 1.2, \bfx to get a bold font scaled by 0.8 and similar commands for other font styles.

These quick font switches are meant for changing the font style, alternative, or size of a few words: they do not change the bodyfont, so they don't affect interline spacing or math font sizes. So, if you want to change the font size of an entire paragraph, use \switchtobodyfont described below in Complete Font Change. However, it is fine to use them as style directives in setup commands, that is, using them as an option for style=... in any setup command that accepts style option.

Mnemonic font switches

While learning a document markup language like ConTeXt, it can be hard to remember all the commands. ConTeXt provides other, easy-to-remember font switches. So for bold you can use \bold, for italic you can use \italic, for slanted you can use \slanted, and so on. You can probably guess what the following do:

\normal \slanted
\boldslanted \slantedbold
\bolditalic \italicbold
\small \smallnormal
\smallbold \smallslanted
\smallboldslanted \smallslantedbold
\smallbolditalic \smallitalicbold
\sans \sansserif
\sansbold \smallcaps

In addition, the commands \smallbodyfont and \bigbodyfont can be used to change the font size. The relative size depends on the value of big and small in \definebodyfontenvironment.

These mnemonic font switches are pretty smart. You can either use them as font style switches inside a { group }, or as a font changing command that takes an argument. For example,

This is {\bold bold} and so is \bold{this}. But this is not.

These mnemonic font switches can also be used for all style=... options, and while using them as style options, you can just give the command name without the backslash. For example:

\setuphead[section][style=bold] 

(\boldface shown above is also defined to parallel the \typeface and \swapface switches.)

Complete font (bodyfont) change

If you need to change to a different font size and take care of interline spacing, you can change the bodyfont by using \switchtobodyfont. For example, to switch to 12pt you can use \switchtobodyfont[12pt].


ConTeXt provides two relative sizes, called big and small. So, to increase the bodyfont size, use \switchtobodyfont[big] (or \setbigbodyfont), and to decrease the bodyfont size, use \switchtobodyfont[small] (or \setsmallbodyfont). The exact size used for big and small can be set using \definebodyfontenvironment.

The \setupbodyfont command accepts all the same arguments as \switchtobodyfont. The difference between the two is that \setupbodyfont also changes the font for headers, footers and other page markings, while \switchtobodyfont does not. So you should use \setupbodyfont for global font definitions to apply to the whole document, and \switchtobodyfont for local font changes (i.e. changes to the running text only). The effect of \switchtobodyfont can be localized within a group as usual.

Switching typefaces

So far we have discussed style and size changes within a given typeface family. If you want to use a different typeface altogether, such as Times or Palatino, see the following articles.