Difference between revisions of "Fonts in LuaTeX"

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(→‎Using fonts: +infos on installing/loading typescripts, according to the ongoing thread in the mailing-list)
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   <texcode>$TEXMF/tex/texmf-fonts/tex/context/user
 
   <texcode>$TEXMF/tex/texmf-fonts/tex/context/user
 
$TEXMF/tex/texmf-project/tex/context/user</texcode>
 
$TEXMF/tex/texmf-project/tex/context/user</texcode>
2. Run <code>context --generate
+
2. Run <code>context --generate</code>
  
 
By convention, typescript files are named like <code>type-(fontname|foundry).tex</code>.  
 
By convention, typescript files are named like <code>type-(fontname|foundry).tex</code>.  

Revision as of 18:44, 15 June 2009


NOTE: This page is not finished yet

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Getting access to the system fonts

LuaTeX can use non-TeX fonts (in OpenType, TrueType or Type1 format) directly.

The first time that you run

context myfile.tex

on a file that uses such non-traditional fonts (which is probably always), the actual fonts themselves have to be loaded in luatex's embedded section of fontforge to extract their metric information. This removes the need for tfm and vf files on your disk, but it is also a somewhat lengthy and often memory-hungry process.

That is why the results of that internal preprocessing are also saved inside the texmf cache. Future runs using the same font (not just this file, but all files using that particular font) can then use the cached version of the metrics instead.

Building the font database

You need to specify where the fonts should be looked for, by setting the OSFONTDIR environment variable. For instance,

set OSFONTDIR=c:/windows/fonts/

if the fonts should be found in c:/windows/fonts/; or

export OSFONTDIR="/usr/local/share/fonts;$HOME/.fonts"

if the fonts should be found in both /usr/local/share/fonts and $HOME/.fonts.

The font database will then be automatically generated in the next run of context

You can also generate it manually by typing

mtxrun --script font --reload

or equally

mtxrun --script fonts --reload

The output should look like

  MTXrun | fontnames: identifying tree font files with suffix otf
  MTXrun | fontnames: identifying tree font files with suffix OTF
  MTXrun | fontnames: 331 tree files identified, 332 hash entries added, runtime 7.653 seconds
  MTXrun | fontnames: identifying tree font files with suffix ttf
  MTXrun | fontnames: identifying tree font files with suffix TTF
  MTXrun | fontnames: 17 tree files identified, 14 hash entries added, runtime 4.645 seconds
  ...
  MTXrun | fontnames: 94 system files identified, 94 hash entries added, runtime 0.554 seconds
  MTXrun | fontnames: 3837 files read, 3342 normal and 49 extra entries added, 5 rejected, 3386 valid


Querying the font database

The command

mtxrun --script fonts --list

will return the whole entries of the font database as a list, such as

  ...
  warnockprobold               WarnockPro-Bold            E:/Fonts/Warnock Pro/WarnockPro-Bold.otf
  warnockproboldcapt           WarnockPro-BoldCapt        E:/Fonts/Warnock Pro/WarnockPro-BoldCapt.otf
  warnockprobolddisp           WarnockPro-BoldDisp        E:/Fonts/Warnock Pro/WarnockPro-BoldDisp.otf
  warnockproboldit             WarnockPro-BoldIt          E:/Fonts/Warnock Pro/WarnockPro-BoldIt.otf
  warnockprobolditcapt         WarnockPro-BoldItCapt      E:/Fonts/Warnock Pro/WarnockPro-BoldItCapt.otf
  warnockprobolditdisp         WarnockPro-BoldItDisp      E:/Fonts/Warnock Pro/WarnockPro-BoldItDisp.otf
  warnockprobolditsubh         WarnockPro-BoldItSubh      E:/Fonts/Warnock Pro/WarnockPro-BoldItSubh.otf
  warnockproboldsubh           WarnockPro-BoldSubh        E:/Fonts/Warnock Pro/WarnockPro-BoldSubh.otf
  ...

You can query the database against a particular pattern. For instance,

mtxrun --script fonts --list --pattern=Delicious*

will return

  deliciousbold        Delicious-Bold        /usr/local/share/fonts/d/delicious_bold.otf
  deliciousbolditalic  Delicious-BoldItalic  /usr/local/share/fonts/d/delicious_bolditalic.otf
  deliciousheavy       Delicious-Heavy       /usr/local/share/fonts/d/delicious_heavy.otf
  deliciousitalic      Delicious-Italic      /usr/local/share/fonts/d/delicious_italic.otf
  deliciousroman       Delicious-Roman       /usr/local/share/fonts/d/delicious_roman.otf
  delicioussmallcaps   Delicious-SmallCaps   /usr/local/share/fonts/d/delicious_smallcaps.otf

You can get useful informations about your fonts by using the --info option. For instance,

mtxrun --script fonts --list --info --pattern=Delicious*Roman

will return

  MTXrun | fontname: deliciousroman
  MTXrun | fullname: Delicious-Roman
  MTXrun | filename: /usr/local/share/fonts/d/delicious_roman.otf
  MTXrun |
  MTXrun | gpos features:
  MTXrun |
  MTXrun | feature  script   languages
  MTXrun |
  MTXrun | kern     latn     dflt
  MTXrun |
  MTXrun | gsub features:
  MTXrun |
  MTXrun | feature  script   languages
  MTXrun |
  MTXrun | tlig     all      all
  MTXrun | trep     all      all

Installing new fonts

After installing new fonts, the font database must be rebuilt for LuaTeX to access them.

In current versions of Mark IV (earlier than July 2008) this is automatically done whenever a named font cannot be found.

You only have to do the reload manually when you have installed updates to already installed fonts that cause the font and/or file names to change. This normally only happens for fonts that are still in development like TeX Gyre and Latin Modern.

You can rebuild the database manually, using the already-mentioned command

mtxrun --script fonts --reload

Alternatively, you can turn off the automatic rebuild of the database, by setting either of

MTX.FONTS.AUTOLOAD
MTX_FONTS_AUTOLOAD

to "no".

References

The new manual chapter on fonts

Using fonts

Handling fonts in LuaTeX can be done

  • in a simple but limited way, using the simplefonts module;
  • in the standard way, using TypeScripts

With the simplefonts module

simplefonts is a third-party module written by Wolfgang Schuster.

It simplifies the use of fonts in LuaTeX by

For instance, assuming the Delicious fonts are properly installed and recognized by ConTeXt, you can simply write:

\usemodule[simplefonts] % load the module
\setmainfont[Delicious] % set Delicious as main (serif) font

\starttext
\rm\tf roman \it italic \bf bold \bi bolditalic \sc smallcaps
\stoptext

The standard way: Typescripts

Installing typescripts

Installing typescripts consists in the following:

1. Copy the typescript files into either

$TEXMF/tex/texmf-fonts/tex/context/user
$TEXMF/tex/texmf-project/tex/context/user

2. Run context --generate

By convention, typescript files are named like type-(fontname|foundry).tex.

It may happen that some type-xx.tex typescript file depends on mkiv-specific code located in a matching type-xx.mkiv file. In this case, both files need to be installed.

Loading typescripts

A typescript file named type-xx.tex should be loaded using

 \usetypescriptfile[type-xx]

An alternative way is

 \usetypefile[xx]

where ConTeXt prepends type- when it loads the file; but \usetypescriptfile is the preferred command because it takes care of the \starttypescriptcollection/\stoptypescriptcollection environments.

Where to find existing typescripts

Each of the typescripts below defines a keyword to use with \setupbodyfont. Usually this is the same as the name of the typescript, but there is one exception (antykwa-torunska)

  • Latin Modern (typescript name: modern; this is the default font set)
  • Latin Modern variant (ts name: modernvariable; LM variable typewriter for serif)
  • Postscript (ts name: postscript; Termes for serif, Heros for sans, Cursor for mono)
  • Antykwa Toruńska (ts name: antykwa-torunska; only serif; defines antykwa as keyword for \setupbodyfont)
  • Iwona (ts name: iwona; only sans serif)
  • Iwona Light, Medium and Heavy (ts names: iwona-light, iwona-medium, iwona-heavy; only sans; the medium variant is a small bit heavier than a "regular" one)
  • Pagella (ts name: palatino; only serif)
  • Termes (ts name: times; only serif, Heros for sans)

Usage example

\usetypescript[palatino]
\setupbodyfont[palatino,18pt]

\starttext
Hello world, I'm Pagella!
\stoptext

The first line seems to order ConTeXt to "install" (for the current file) the given typescript (it accepts what I have earlier called a "typescript name"). The last one starts using it (you may omit the size if you are satisfied with the default).

Combining predefined fonts in your own typescripts

It is also possible to combine fonts from the TeX Gyre collection in your own typescripts. The example below combines Bonum (Bookman) roman, Adventor (AvantGarde) for sans serif, Cursor (Courier) for teletype, and Euler for math. The rscale=... option ensures that all fonts have the same x-height. (You can lookup the relative x-heigt of a font using fontforge.)

\starttypescript [Bonum]
    \definetypeface [Bonum] [rm] [serif] [bonum]     [default]
    \definetypeface [Bonum] [ss] [sans]  [adventor]  [default] [rscale=0.887]
    \definetypeface [Bonum] [tt] [mono]  [cursor]    [default] [rscale=1.163]
    \definetypeface [Bonum] [mm] [math]  [euler]     [default] [rscale=1.050]
\stoptypescript

\usetypescript[Bonum]
\setupbodyfont[Bonum,12pt]

\starttext
Hello world, I'm Bonum!
\stoptext

Old contents

Good ol' typescripts

Of course, Mark IV allows you to use typescripts as you've always done; for example:

\usetypescript[palatino]
\setupbodyfont[palatino,12pt]
effe fietsen 2: \input tufte $\sqrt{2}$ \eogonek

\sc effe fietsen 2: \input tufte $\sqrt{2}$ \eogonek

That's as simple as using a traditional ConTeXt typescript!

But ... how is it any different, then? Well, the difference is that in Mark IV, we can use an Opentype font directly, so that what is done here: when we want to use Palatino, the TeX Gyre equivalent (“Pagella”) is called and we can use its Opentype “features”; read on.

Opentype features

A “feature”, in the Opentype jargon, is a set of rules describing changes in the appearance of the text. Hmm, that's not very precise. Let's show some examples. First of all, you have to know that features are referred to by 4-letter tags, and you will see this a lot. One of them is ‘smcp‘, for “small caps“. Let's consider the following Mark IV-only code:

\definefontfeature[smallcaps][language=DFLT,script=latn,smcp=yes]
\font\palasmallcaps=texgyrepagella-regular*smallcaps
\palasmallcaps This is a text in small capitals.

Here you basically define a (Mark IV) feature with the name ”smallcaps”, and associate it with the (Opentype) feature “smcp”. You have to specify which script you want to use it with; scripts in Opentype are also tagged with four letters, and “latn” is of course Latin.

Then you define a TeX font with that feature.

You can see what features are defined in a particular font with the following bit of code

\ctxlua
{
  fontname = 'texgyrepagella-regular.otf'

  --[[ First read the font data.
    This makes heavy use of some of the Mark IV code]]
  tfmdata = fonts.tfm.read_and_define("file:" .. fontname, 655360)
  font = tfmdata.shared.otfdata
  if font
  then
    gsubfeatures = fonts.otf.analyze_features(font.gsub)
    gposfeatures = fonts.otf.analyze_features(font.gpos)
  end

  if gsubfeatures then
    table.sort(gsubfeatures) % We want our list sorted alphabetically!
    tex.sprint("\\rm GSUB features: \\tt ") % Beware: you don't want \rm to be interpreted by lua (\rm would yield carriage return + letter m)!
    for _, feat in ipairs(gsubfeatures)
    do tex.sprint(feat) tex.sprint(' ')
    end
  else tex.sprint("\\rm No GSUB features")
  end
  tex.sprint("\\par")

  if gposfeatures then
    tex.sprint("\\rm GPOS features: \\tt ")
    table.sort(gposfeatures)
    for _, feat in ipairs(gposfeatures)
    do tex.sprint(feat) tex.sprint(' ')
    end
  else tex.sprint("\\rm No GPOS features")
  end
}

It prints the list on the page. You'll notice there are two sets of features, each one of them defined in a different table of the Opentype font: the GSUB table (for Glyph SUBstitution) gives rules for replacing glyphs in certains circumstances (think of ligatures: f + i -> fi); the GPOS table (Glyph POSititioning) gives rules for moving glyphs (think of kerning: A + V -> A <kerning> V).

Incidentally, the above code gives some basic examples of LuaTeX programming, a mixture of both Lua and TeX programming with some special features (features in the general sense, not the Opentype one :-).

A (Complete) Typescript Example

\starttypescript [sans] [franklin]

    \definefontsynonym [FranklinBookRegular]   [name:FranklinGothicBookITC-Regular]   [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [FranklinMediumRegular] [name:FranklinGothicMediumITC-Regular] [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [FranklinDemiRegular]   [name:FranklinGothicDemiITC-Regular]   [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [FranklinHeavyRegular]  [name:FranklinGothicHeavyITC-Regular]  [features=default]
 
    \definefontsynonym [FranklinBookItalic]   [name:FranklinGothicBookITC-Italic]    [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [FranklinDemiItalic]   [name:FranklinGothicMediumITC-Italic]  [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [FranklinHeavyItalic]  [name:FranklinGothicDemiITC-Italic]    [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [FranklinMediumItalic] [name:FranklinGothicHeavyITC-Italic]   [features=default]

\stoptypescript

\starttypescript [sans] [franklin]

    \definefontsynonym [Sans]            [FranklinBookRegular] [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [SansItalic]      [FranklinBookItalic]  [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [SansBold]        [FranklinDemiRegular] [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [SansBoldItalic]  [FranklinDemiItalic]  [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [SansSlanted]     [SansItalic]          [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [SansBoldSlanted] [SansBoldItalic]      [features=default]
    \definefontsynonym [SansCaps]        [Sans]                [features=smallcaps]

\stoptypescript

\definetypeface[franklin][rm][sans][franklin][default]
\definetypeface[franklin][ss][sans][franklin][default]
\definetypeface[franklin][tt][mono][modern]  [default][rscale=1.12]
\definetypeface[franklin][mm][math][iwona]   [default][rscale=1.02]

\setupbodyfont[franklin,ss,10pt]


Just the simplest way to use an otf font — or any font that does appear in mtxrun --script font --list — in all the document.

I’m stick here :

\definefontfeature [myfontfeature] [method=node, kern=yes, OTHER_FEATURE_COMMA_SEPERATED]
\definefontsynonym [MyFontRegular] [name:TheFontName-Regular][features=myfontfeature]
\definedfont [MyFontRegular at 16pt]

This doesn’t run for my title which use « \tfc », only for the body of the text.

  • \definefontfeature
    • [myfontfeature] : you can use the name you want. It will be use at the next line ;
    • the fonts feature can be found with otfinfo -f TheFontFile.otf.
  • \definefontsynonym :
    • [MyFontRegular] : you can use the name you want. It will be use at the next line ;
    • The name after name: is the name given by mtxrun --script font --list
    • The « name: » part can be replaced by file:TheFontFile.otf


Example

Now to access, say the regular warnock font, the following are valid. And I ought to mention that Hans recommends the first http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.tex.context/43685.

 % Hans recommends this format;
 \definefontsynonym [WarnockPro-Regular]    [name:warnockproregular]  

and

 \definefontsynonym [WarnockPro-Regular]    [name:WarnockPro-Regular]

An entire typescript would be defined as;

\definefontfeature[latin-smallcaps][smallcaps][script=latn]

\starttypescript [serif] [warnockpro]
  \setups[font:fallback:sans]
  \definefontsynonym [WarnockPro-Regular]    [name:WarnockPro-Regular]  
  \definefontsynonym [WarnockPro-Bold]       [name:WarnockPro-Bold]    
  \definefontsynonym [WarnockPro-Italic]     [name:WarnockPro-It]       
  \definefontsynonym [WarnockPro-BoldItalic] [name:WarnockPro-BoldIt]  
\stoptypescript

\starttypescript [serif] [warnockpro]
  \definefontsynonym [Serif]           [WarnockPro-Regular]        [features=default]
  \definefontsynonym [SerifBold]       [WarnockPro-Bold]           [features=default]
  \definefontsynonym [SerifItalic]     [WarnockPro-Italic]         [features=default]
  \definefontsynonym [SerifBoldItalic] [WarnockPro-BoldItalic]     [features=default]
  \definefontsynonym [SerifCaps]       [Serif]                     [features=latin-smallcaps]
\stoptypescript

\definetypeface[adobe][rm][serif][warnockpro][default]
\setupbodyfont[adobe,11pt]