Difference between revisions of "Titles"

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Titles define the structure of your document. Decide yourself, how deep you want to nest them:
 
Titles define the structure of your document. Decide yourself, how deep you want to nest them:
  
<table>
+
{| class=wikitable
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><th>numbered</th><th>unnumbered</th></tr>
+
! Numbered !! Unnumbered
<tr><td><cmd>part</cmd></td><td>&#151;</td></tr>
+
|-
<tr><td><cmd>chapter</cmd></td><td><cmd>title</cmd></td></tr>
+
| {{cmd|part}} || &#151;
<tr><td><cmd>section</cmd></td><td><cmd>subject</cmd></td></tr>
+
|-
<tr><td><cmd>subsection</cmd></td><td><cmd>subsubject</cmd></td></tr>
+
| {{cmd|chapter}} || {{cmd|title}}
<tr><td><cmd>subsubsection</cmd></td><td><cmd>subsubsubject</cmd></td></tr>
+
|-
<tr><td>...</td><td>...</td></tr>
+
| {{cmd|section}} || {{cmd|subject}}
</table>
+
|-
 +
| {{cmd|subsection}} || {{cmd|subsubject}}
 +
|-
 +
| {{cmd|subsubsection}} || {{cmd|subsubsubject}}
 +
|-
 +
| ... || ...
 +
|}
  
The "unnumbered" versions don't appear in a table of contents! But you can switch off the numbering of the "numbered" versions with <cmd>setuphead</cmd> to get unnumbered titles ''and'' a toc (confusing?).
+
The unnumbered versions don't appear in a table of contents! To change that, see the section on [[#Unnumbered_titles_in_table_of_contents|Unnumbered titles in the table of contents]].
 +
 
 +
Also note that in the front matter of the document, all titles are unnumbered by default. The titles from the 'numbered' category still show up in the table of contents, though, and the titles from the 'unnumbered' category still don't.
  
 
===Referencing Titles===
 
===Referencing Titles===
  
 
Every heading command can take an optional parameter as reference:
 
Every heading command can take an optional parameter as reference:
 +
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
 
\title[hasselt-by-night]{Hasselt by night}
 
\title[hasselt-by-night]{Hasselt by night}
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
The bracket pair is optional and used for internal [[References]]. If you want to refer to this
+
The bracket pair is optional and used for internal [[References]]. If you want
header you type for example
+
to refer to this header you type for example
 +
 
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
 
\at{page}[hasselt-by-night].
 
\at{page}[hasselt-by-night].
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
(see <cmd>at</cmd>)
+
 
 +
See {{cmd|at}}.
 +
 
 +
Note that reference labels are limited to ASCII characters in traditional TeX.
 +
This limitation has been removed in ConTeXt mkiv.
 +
 
 +
==New MkIV Sectioning==
 +
 
 +
ConTeXt MkIV adds several new commands which supersede the older {{cmd|chapter}}, {{cmd|section}} etc.  The new commands are more verbose, but also more flexible, and allow better support for tagged-PDF, XML and ePUB output.
 +
 
 +
{| class=wikitable
 +
! Traditional !! New
 +
|-
 +
| {{cmd|part}} || {{cmd|startpart}}
 +
|-
 +
| {{cmd|chapter}} || {{cmd|startchapter}}
 +
|-
 +
| {{cmd|section}} || {{cmd|startsection}}
 +
|-
 +
| {{cmd|subsection}} || {{cmd|startsubsection}}
 +
|-
 +
| {{cmd|subsubsection}} || {{cmd|startsubsubsection}}
 +
|-
 +
| {{cmd|title}} || {{cmd|starttitle}}
 +
|-
 +
| {{cmd|subject}} || {{cmd|startsubject}}
 +
|-
 +
| ... || ...
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
Each of these start-commands has a corresponding stop-command which should be used at the end of the section.  For example:
 +
 
 +
<context mode=mkiv source=yes text=produces>
 +
% mode=mkiv
 +
\setuppapersize[A5]
 +
 
 +
\section[sec:old]{Old Section}
 +
 
 +
This is an old-style \ConTeXt\ section.
 +
 
 +
\startsection
 +
  [
 +
        title={New Section},
 +
        reference=sec:new,
 +
  ]
 +
 
 +
This is a new-style section.
 +
\stopsection
 +
</context>
 +
 
 +
The following keys are available for the start-commands:
 +
 
 +
{| class=wikitable
 +
! Key !! Description
 +
|-
 +
| reference= || The reference key for cross-referencing (with {{cmd|at}}, {{cmd|in}} etc.)
 +
|-
 +
| title= || The title of the section
 +
|-
 +
| list= || The title to show in the table of contents, if different
 +
|-
 +
| bookmark= || The title to show in the PDF bookmarks, if different
 +
|-
 +
| marking= || The title to use in the section marking, if different
 +
|-
 +
| label= || ?
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
It is also possible to set per-section variables, and retrieve them with the {{cmd|structureuservariable}} command:
 +
 
 +
<context mode=mkiv source=yes text=produces>
 +
% mode=mkiv
 +
\setuppapersize[A5]
 +
 
 +
\startchapter[title={Foo Bar}][foo=bar]
 +
 
 +
foo is \quote{\structureuservariable{foo}}
 +
 
 +
\stopchapter
 +
 
 +
</context>
  
 
==Titling Style==
 
==Titling Style==
  
see <cmd>setuphead</cmd> and some enhanced samples below.
+
see {{cmd|setuphead}} and some enhanced samples below.
 +
 
 +
A FAQ is, how to get a line under the pageheader:
  
A FAQ is how to get a line under the title:
 
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
\setupbackgrounds[header][text][bottomframe=on]
+
\setupheader[after=\hrule]
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
 
To make the section numbers appear as characters, do
 
To make the section numbers appear as characters, do
 +
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
 
\setupsection[section-3][bodypartconversion=Character]
 
\setupsection[section-3][bodypartconversion=Character]
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
 +
 
The <code>section-3</code> corresponds to <code>section</code>. Similarly,
 
The <code>section-3</code> corresponds to <code>section</code>. Similarly,
<code>section-1</code> corresponds to <code>part</code>, <code>section-2</code> corresponds to <code>chapter</code> and so on.
+
<code>section-1</code> corresponds to <code>part</code>, <code>section-2</code>
 +
corresponds to <code>chapter</code> and so on.
  
 
==Titling Alignment==
 
==Titling Alignment==
Line 52: Line 146:
  
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
\setuphead[chapter][align={flushleft, nothyphenated, verytolerant}] % "flushleft" is the same as "right"
+
\setuphead[chapter][align={flushleft, nothyphenated, verytolerant}]
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
===Using colors in chapters and sections===
+
==Using colors in chapters and sections==
  
 
If you want you may have colors on your document's chapters or sections.
 
If you want you may have colors on your document's chapters or sections.
To do that you should use <code>\setuphead</code>.
+
To do that you should use {{cmd|setuphead}}. Take a look at the following
Take a look at the following example:
+
example:
  
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
Line 96: Line 190:
  
 
\stoptext  
 
\stoptext  
 
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
Line 106: Line 199:
 
\definehead[myheader][section]
 
\definehead[myheader][section]
  
\setuphead[myheader]
+
\setuphead
[numberstyle=bold,
+
  [myheader]
textstyle=cap,
+
  [numberstyle=bold,
before=\hairline\blank,
+
  textstyle=cap,
after=\nowhitespace\hairline]
+
  before=\hairline\blank,
 +
  after=\nowhitespace\hairline]
  
 
\myheader[hasselt-ref]{Hasselt makes headlines}
 
\myheader[hasselt-ref]{Hasselt makes headlines}
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
A new header <cmd>myheader</cmd> is defined and it inherits the properties of <cmd>section</cmd> (title, subject, whatever).
+
A new header {{cmd|myheader}} is defined and it inherits the properties
You can "define" several headers at once!
+
of {{cmd|section}} (title, subject, whatever). You can ''define'' several
 +
headers at once!
  
==Formatting Titles with <cmd>setuphead</cmd>==
+
==Formatting Titles with {{cmd|setuphead}}==
  
<cmd>setuphead</cmd> accepts a number of parameters which change the style of the heading. At least the following commands are available:
+
The following parameters to {{cmd|setuphead}} change the style of
 +
the heading.  
  
<table>
+
{| class=wikitable
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><th>text</th><th>number</th></tr>
+
|-
<tr><td><tt>textstyle</tt></td><td><tt>numberstyle</tt></td></tr>
+
! Text !! Number
<tr><td><tt>textcommand</tt></td><td><tt>numbercommand</tt></td></tr>
+
|-
<tr><td><tt>deeptextcommand</tt></td><td><tt>deepnumbercommand</tt></td></tr>
+
| textstyle
</table>
+
| numberstyle
 +
|-
 +
| textcommand
 +
| numbercommand
 +
|-
 +
| deeptextcommand
 +
| deepnumbercommand
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
Quite obviously, the number-commands work on the chapter/section/etc. number, their text counterparts change the text itself. However, there are differences between <tt>style</tt>, <tt>command</tt> and <tt>deepcommand</tt>.
+
Quite obviously, the number commands work on the chapter/section/etc. number,
 +
their text counterparts change the text itself. However, there are differences
 +
between <tt>style</tt>, <tt>command</tt> and <tt>deepcommand</tt>.
  
The <tt>style</tt> variants accept a style (<tt>bold</tt>, <tt>cap</tt>, etc.) or a font switch (<cmd>em</cmd>, <cmd>tfx</cmd>, etc). <tt>texstyle</tt> prepends the text with the associated style. <tt>textcommand</tt> is a command name which is given the text (with all markup) as a parameter. <tt>deeptextcommand</tt> is similar to <tt>textcommand</tt> but it acts only on the text (not on the markup).
+
The <tt>style</tt> variants accept a style (<tt>bold</tt>, <tt>cap</tt>, etc.)
 +
or a font switch ({{cmd|em}}, {{cmd|tfx}}, etc). <tt>textstyle</tt> prepends
 +
the text with the associated style. <tt>textcommand</tt> is a command name which
 +
is given the text (with all markup) as a parameter. <tt>deeptextcommand</tt> is
 +
similar to <tt>textcommand</tt> but it acts only on the text (not on the markup).
  
So, if we have <cmd>title{A story}</cmd>, the different parameters have the following results:
+
So, if we have {{cmd|title|2={A story}}}, the different parameters have the following results:
  
<table>
+
{|
<tr><td><tt>textstyle=\em</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\em A story</tt></td></tr>
+
|-
<tr><td><tt>textstyle=\em, textcommand=\uppercase</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\uppercase{\em A story}</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\em A STORY</tt></td></tr>
+
| textstyle=\em
<tr><td><tt>textstyle=\em, deeptextcommand=\uppercase</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\em\uppercase{A story}</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\em A STORY</tt></td></tr>
+
| =>
</table>
+
| \em A story
 +
|-
 +
| textstyle=\em, textcommand=\uppercase
 +
| =>
 +
| \uppercase{\em A story}
 +
| =>
 +
| \em A STORY
 +
|-
 +
| textstyle=\em, deeptextcommand=\uppercase
 +
| =>
 +
| \em\uppercase{A story}
 +
| =>
 +
| \em A STORY
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
What is the difference between <tt>textcommand</tt> and <tt>deeptextcommand</tt>, then? With this example there is very little difference, as <tt>uppercase</tt> knows how to handle markup. Sometimes this is not the case. For example, an almost similar command <tt>WORD</tt> is not compatible with <tt>textcommand</tt>, because it wreaks havoc with markup:
+
What is the difference between <tt>textcommand</tt> and <tt>deeptextcommand</tt>,
 +
then? With this example there is very little difference, as <tt>uppercase</tt>
 +
knows how to handle markup. Sometimes this is not the case. For example, an almost
 +
similar command <tt>WORD</tt> is not compatible with <tt>textcommand</tt>, because
 +
it wreaks havoc with markup:
  
<table>
+
{|
<tr><td><tt>textstyle=\em, textcommand=\WORD</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\WORD{\em A story}</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\EM A STORY</tt></td></tr>
+
|-
<tr><td><tt>textstyle=\em, deeptextcommand=\WORD</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\em\WORD{A story}</tt></td><td><tt>=></tt></td><td><tt>\em A STORY</tt></td></tr>
+
| textstyle=\em, textcommand=\WORD
</table>
+
| =>
 +
| \WORD{\em A story}
 +
| =>
 +
| \EM A STORY
 +
|-
 +
| textstyle=\em, deeptextcommand=\WORD
 +
| =>
 +
| \em\WORD{A story}
 +
| =>
 +
| \em A STORY
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
In this case using <tt>deeptextcommand</tt> is the correct solution for capitalizing headers. (Using <cmd>uppercase</cmd> works in this specific case, but only if you stick to Latin 1 or Anglo-Saxon characters. Other languages will suffer from lowercase accented characters, like CAFé.)
+
In this case using <tt>deeptextcommand</tt> is the correct solution for capitalizing
 +
headers. (Using {{cmd|uppercase}} works in this specific case, but only if you stick
 +
to Latin 1 or Anglo-Saxon characters. Other languages will suffer from lowercase accented
 +
characters, like CAFé.)
 +
 
 +
Use {{cmd|setuphead}}<tt>[part][conversion=Romannumerals]</tt>, for example, to employ an
 +
alternative numbering scheme.
  
 
=== Truly empty pagebreak before chapters ===
 
=== Truly empty pagebreak before chapters ===
Using <cmd>setuppagenumbering[alternative=doublesided]</cmd> makes the chapters start on the right page. However, the blank page is not truely empty, it contains headers and footers. To get truely empty pages, use the following
+
 
 +
Using {{cmd|setuppagenumbering|2=[alternative=doublesided]}} makes the chapters start
 +
on the right page. However, the blank page is not truly empty, it contains headers and
 +
footers. To get truly empty pages, use the following
  
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
\definepagebreak
+
\definepagebreak
    [mychapterpagebreak]
+
  [mychapterpagebreak]
    [yes,header,right]
+
  [yes,header,right]
  %   [yes,header,left]
+
  %[yes,header,left]
  %   [yes,header,footer,right]
+
  %[yes,header,footer,right]
  
\setuphead
+
\setuphead
  [chapter]
+
  [chapter]
  [page=mychapterpagebreak]
+
  [page=mychapterpagebreak]
  %   [page=Mychapterpagebreak,header=empty,footer=empty]
+
  %[page=Mychapterpagebreak,header=empty,footer=empty]
  
% \setupsectionblock[frontpart][page=chapter]
+
%\setupsectionblock[frontpart][page=chapter]
% \setupsectionblock[bodypart][page=chapter]
+
%\setupsectionblock[bodypart][page=chapter]
% \setupsectionblock[backpart][page=chapter]
+
%\setupsectionblock[backpart][page=chapter]
% \setupsectionblock[appendix][page=chapter]
+
%\setupsectionblock[appendix][page=chapter]
  
\setuppagenumbering[alternative=doublesided,location={header,margin}]
+
\setuppagenumbering[alternative=doublesided,location={header,margin}]
\setupheadertexts[{My special headertext}]
+
\setupheadertexts[{My special headertext}]
\setupfootertexts[This is a text in the footer]
+
\setupfootertexts[This is a text in the footer]
% \setupbackgrounds[header][text][bottomframe=on]
+
%\setupbackgrounds[header][text][bottomframe=on]
  
\starttext
+
\starttext
    \chapter {testA} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
+
  \chapter{testA} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
    \chapter {testB} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
+
  \chapter{testB} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
    \chapter {testC} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
+
  \chapter{testC} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
\stoptext
+
\stoptext
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
Explaination (provided by  Willi Egger on the mailing list)
+
'''Explanation''' (provided by  Willi Egger on the mailing list)
  
 
* You define a new pagebreak rule. It has the name <code>mychapterpagebreak</code>. The options set read as: <code>pagebreak=yes</code>, placeheader, use a right page.
 
* You define a new pagebreak rule. It has the name <code>mychapterpagebreak</code>. The options set read as: <code>pagebreak=yes</code>, placeheader, use a right page.
* You set options for the header of type chapter and use for the option  page the before defined new pagebreak.
+
* You set options for the header of type chapter and use for the option  page the afore defined new pagebreak.
* You might want to experiment with the commented lines and see what happens.  For example, the <code>\setupsectionblock</code> commands will give a truly blank page (if needed) after the specified \stop*part command.
+
* You might want to experiment with the commented lines and see what happens.  For example, the {{cmd|setupsectionblock}} commands will give a truly blank page (if needed) after the specified {{code|1=stop*part}} command.
  
 +
==== When using front, body, back matters and appendices ====
 +
 +
As Wolfgang explained on the mailing list, when using {{code|1=*frontmatter}}, {{code|1=*bodymatter}}, {{code|1=*backmatter}} and {{code|1=*appendices}}, you need to remove the page they create to get the page before a new chapter or part with no headers and footers.
 +
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setupsectionblock[frontpart][page=]
 +
\setupsectionblock[bodypart] [page=]
 +
\setupsectionblock[backpart] [page=]
 +
\setupsectionblock[appendix] [page=]
 +
\definepagebreak[firstpagebreak][yes,header,footer,right]
 +
\setuphead[chapter][page=firstpagebreak]
 +
\setuppagenumbering[alternative=doublesided]
 +
\starttext
 +
\startfrontmatter
 +
\chapter{front}
 +
\stopfrontmatter
 +
\startbodymatter
 +
\chapter{body}
 +
\stopbodymatter
 +
\startappendices
 +
\chapter{appendix}
 +
\stopappendices
 +
\startbackmatter
 +
\chapter{back}
 +
\stopbackmatter
 +
\stoptext
 +
</texcode>
 
== Independent Section Numbering ==
 
== Independent Section Numbering ==
 +
 
If you want section numbering to be independent of chapter numbering, use
 
If you want section numbering to be independent of chapter numbering, use
  
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
\setuphead  [chapter][resetnumber=no]
+
\setuphead  [chapter][resetnumber=no]
\setupsection[section][previousnumber=no]
+
\setupsection[section][previousnumber=no]
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
This is handled differently in mkiv (where "resetnumber=no" is silently ignored):
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\definestructureresetset[default][1,1,0][1] % reset part, chapter, but not section
 +
\setuphead[sectionresetset=default]
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
 +
==Unnumbered titles in table of contents==
 +
 +
Sometimes one wants an unnumbered chapter, say introduction, the following might do that trick:
 +
 +
<context source=yes>
 +
\setuppapersize[A5]
 +
 +
\definehead    [intro] [chapter]
 +
\setuphead      [intro] [number=no]
 +
 +
\definecombinedlist    [content][intro,chapter,section]
 +
\setuplist      [intro] [headnumber=no]
 +
 +
\starttext
 +
\completecontent
 +
\startfrontmatter
 +
\intro{No number}
 +
\stopfrontmatter
 +
 +
\startbodymatter
 +
\chapter{Has number}
 +
\stopbodymatter
 +
\stoptext
 +
</context>
 +
 +
Note that just putting the introduction in the frontmatter already did the trick for me (on a recent MkIV).
 +
 +
An alternative approach:
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setuphead[title][
 +
    incrementnumber=yes, % keep an internal title counter+list
 +
    number=no]          % don't display the counter
 +
 +
% Manually specify the composition of the section and subsection
 +
% numbers, so subsection 1.1 in the second title won't appear as
 +
% Subsection 2.1.1
 +
\setuphead[section][sectionsegments=section]
 +
\setuphead[subsection][sectionsegments=section:subsection] 
 +
 +
% Redefine the toc list to include titles
 +
\definecombinedlist[content][title, section]
 +
</texcode>
 +
 +
== Complete Section Numbering ==
 +
 +
You might have documents in which your sections don’t follow the structure, such as in:
 +
 +
<texcode>
 +
\section{A}
 +
%\subsection{B}
 +
\subsubsection{C}
 +
</texcode>
 +
 +
In that case, you would get <code>1 A</code> <code>1 C</code>. To enable complete section numbering, you would need in this case (using a beta after 2017.08.07 11:30):
 +
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setuphead[subsection][criterium=all]
 +
</texcode>
  
 
==Your Own Title Styles==
 
==Your Own Title Styles==
  
Sometimes the possibilities of <cmd>setuphead</cmd> aren't enough.  You can define your own styling commands, as shown in the following examples.
+
Sometimes the possibilities of {{cmd|setuphead}} aren't enough.  You can define
 +
your own styling commands, as shown in the following examples.
 +
 
 +
===Start the title in the margin===
 +
 
 +
This very simple example shows how to start a title within the margin, rather than at the text's edge
 +
 
 +
<context source=yes>
 +
\setuppapersize[A5]
 +
\setuphead[chapter][alternative=margin]
 +
 
 +
\chapter{Sample chapter}
 +
 
 +
Number is in margin, not at text edge.
 +
</context>
 +
 
 +
===Chapter titles in new line===
 +
To have the chapter title simply in a new line a new command needs to be defined that takes care of this. It needs to be wrapped in {{cmd|framed}}.
 +
 
 +
<context source=yes>
 +
\setuppapersize[A5]
 +
\setuplabeltext [en] [chapter=Chapter~]
 +
\define[2]\MyChapter
 +
  {\framed[frame=off,width=broad,align=flushleft]{#1\\#2}}
 +
\setuphead [chapter] [command=\MyChapter]
 +
\chapter{Foo Bar}
 +
</context>
  
 
===Expanded chapter titles===
 
===Expanded chapter titles===
 +
 
This example illustrates expanded chapter titles.
 
This example illustrates expanded chapter titles.
  
<texcode>
+
<context source=yes>
\def\MyChapterCommand#1#2{\framed[frame=off, bottomframe=on, topframe=on]{\vbox{\headtext{chapter} #1\blank#2}}}
+
\setuppapersize[A5]
% #1 is number, #2 is text
+
\define[2]\MyChapterCommand%
% \vbox is needed for \blank to work
+
  {\framed[frame=off,bottomframe=on,topframe=on]
 +
    {\vbox{\headtext{chapter} #1\blank#2}}}
  
\setuphead[chapter][command=\MyChapterCommand, style={\ss\bfa}]
 
 
\setupheadtext[chapter=Chapter] % used by \headtext
 
</texcode>
 
so <tt>\chapter{My First Chapter}</tt> looks like:
 
<context>
 
\def\MyChapterCommand#1#2{\framed[frame=off, bottomframe=on, topframe=on]{\vbox{\headtext{chapter} #1\blank#2}}}
 
 
\setuphead[chapter][command=\MyChapterCommand, style={\ss\bfa}]
 
\setuphead[chapter][command=\MyChapterCommand, style={\ss\bfa}]
 
\setupheadtext[chapter=Chapter]
 
\setupheadtext[chapter=Chapter]
Line 224: Line 486:
 
===Exercise numbers===
 
===Exercise numbers===
  
For a textbook, suppose that you collect the exercises in a section at the end of each chapter, with each exercise a subsection having a short title, and the exercises should be numbered only by the subsection (not 1.6.7 for example, just 7).  The usage:
+
For a textbook, suppose that you collect the exercises in a section at the end
 +
of each chapter, with each exercise a subsection having a short title, and the
 +
exercises should be numbered only by the subsection (not 1.6.7 for example,
 +
just 7).  The usage:
  
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
Line 230: Line 495:
  
 
\exercise{Batteries}
 
\exercise{Batteries}
What is the cost of energy from a 9V battery?  From a wall socket (the
+
What is the cost of energy from a 9V battery?  From a wall socket (the mains)?
mains)?
 
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
Line 237: Line 501:
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
 
\definehead[exercise][subsection]
 
\definehead[exercise][subsection]
\setuphead[exercise][style=italic,  
+
 
numbercommand={\determineheadnumber[subsection]\currentheadnumber
+
\setuphead
\gobbleoneargument}]
+
  [exercise]
 +
  [style=italic,  
 +
  numbercommand={\determineheadnumber[subsection]\currentheadnumber\gobbleoneargument}]
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
 
===A complex graphical element under the chapter title===
 
===A complex graphical element under the chapter title===
  
<texcode>
+
<context source=yes>
\setupcolors[state=start]
+
  \setuppapersize[A6]
\startuseMPgraphic{HeaderDeco}
 
    numeric w, h, repeats;
 
    path p[];
 
    w := OverlayWidth ; h := OverlayHeight ;
 
    repeats := abs(TextWidth/BodyFontSize);
 
    p[1] := unitsquare xscaled w yscaled h ;
 
    draw p[1] withcolor white;
 
    p[2] := fullcircle scaled BodyFontSize;
 
    p[3] := fullcircle scaled .25BodyFontSize;
 
    draw p[2] shifted (.5BodyFontSize,0);
 
    for i = 1 upto repeats:
 
        if odd i :
 
            filldraw p[3] shifted (i*BodyFontSize+.5BodyFontSize,0);
 
        else :
 
            draw p[2] shifted (i*BodyFontSize+.5BodyFontSize,0);
 
        fi;
 
    endfor;
 
\stopuseMPgraphic
 
 
 
\setuphead[chapter][command=\Myheader]
 
\setupheadtext
 
      [chapter=Chapitre]
 
\defineoverlay[HeaderDeco][\uniqueMPgraphic{HeaderDeco}]
 
 
 
\def\Myheader#1#2{%
 
    \framedtext
 
        [width= \overlaywidth,
 
        height=6\bodyfontsize,
 
        background={foreground,HeaderDeco},
 
        offset=0pt,
 
        strut=no,
 
        frame=off,
 
        align=middle]{%
 
            \headtext{chapter} #1
 
            \blank[small]
 
            #2}}
 
 
 
\starttext
 
  \chapter{Here we go!}
 
\stoptext
 
</texcode>
 
 
 
It looks like:
 
 
 
<context>
 
 
   \setupcolors[state=start]
 
   \setupcolors[state=start]
 
   \startuseMPgraphic{HeaderDeco}
 
   \startuseMPgraphic{HeaderDeco}
Line 316: Line 537:
 
   \defineoverlay[HeaderDeco][\uniqueMPgraphic{HeaderDeco}]
 
   \defineoverlay[HeaderDeco][\uniqueMPgraphic{HeaderDeco}]
  
   \def\Myheader#1#2{%
+
   \define[2]\Myheader{%
 
       \framedtext
 
       \framedtext
 
           [width= \overlaywidth,
 
           [width= \overlaywidth,
Line 332: Line 553:
 
   \chapter{Here we go!}
 
   \chapter{Here we go!}
 
\stoptext
 
\stoptext
 +
</context>
 +
 +
===Title page with special background===
 +
 +
If you want the title page of every chapter to have a special background (different from the background of normal pages), here's a very effective trick that Hans has provided on the mailing list. In addition, this will give every chapter its own color scheme (Mkiv only, hence won't compile on contextgarden):
 +
 +
<context source=yes>
 +
\startMPinclusions
 +
    numeric MyTitlePageDone[] ;
 +
\stopMPinclusions
 +
 +
\startuseMPgraphic{background:normal}
 +
  StartPage ;
 +
    fill (topboundary Page -- cycle) enlarged(0,5mm)
 +
    shifted (0,-5mm) withcolor blue ;
 +
  StopPage ;
 +
\stopuseMPgraphic
 +
 +
\defineoverlay
 +
  [background:normal]
 +
  [\useMPgraphic{background:normal}]
 +
 +
\startuseMPgraphic{background:title}
 +
  if unknown MyTitlePageDone.\namedstructureuservariable{chapter}{mycolor} :
 +
    StartPage ;
 +
      fill ((topboundary Page --cycle) enlarged(0,5mm)) shifted (0,-20mm)
 +
            withcolor \MPcolor{color:title:\namedstructureuservariable{chapter}{mycolor}} ;
 +
    StopPage ;
 +
    MyTitlePageDone.\namedstructureuservariable{chapter}{mycolor} := 1 ;
 +
  fi ;
 +
\stopuseMPgraphic
 +
 +
\defineoverlay
 +
  [background:title]
 +
  [\useMPgraphic{background:title}]
 +
 +
\setupbackgrounds
 +
  [page]
 +
  [background={background:normal,background:title}]
 +
 +
\definecolor [color:title:one]      [red]
 +
\definecolor [color:title:two]      [blue]
 +
 +
\starttext
 +
 +
\startchapter[title=One][mycolor=one] \input tufte \page \input knuth \stopchapter
 +
\startchapter[title=Two][mycolor=two] \input tufte \page \input knuth \stopchapter
 +
 +
\stoptext
 +
 
</context>
 
</context>
  
Line 338: Line 609:
 
It is sometimes wanted to place the title of a section/subject etc in the margin next to the section text (instead of above it).
 
It is sometimes wanted to place the title of a section/subject etc in the margin next to the section text (instead of above it).
 
This is achieved by the following setup:
 
This is achieved by the following setup:
 +
 +
<context source=yes>
 +
\setuppapersize[A5]
 +
\setuphead
 +
  [subject]
 +
  [alternative=text,distance=0pt,command=\MyHead,style=\sc]
 +
 +
\define[2]\MyHead{\inmargin{#1 #2}}
 +
 +
\starttext
 +
 +
\subject{First Subject}
 +
\input weisman
 +
 +
\subject{Second Subject}
 +
\input ward
 +
 +
\stoptext
 +
</context>
 +
 +
See [http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-context/2003/002053.html the mailing list thread] for more on this.
 +
 +
===Headings numbered independent of chapters or other headings===
 +
 +
If you want a heading that gets numbered without resetting at new sections or chapters (for example, for problems whose numbers increment throughout a book), here is a solution due to Hans [http://archive.contextgarden.net/message/20030415.153451.374310d8.en.html on the mailing list]:
  
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
 +
% use a lower level head
 +
 +
\definehead
 +
[Problem]
 +
[subsubsubsection]
 +
 +
% cleaned up
 +
 +
\setuphead
 +
[Problem]
 +
[style=\ss\bf,
 +
color=red,
 +
before=\blank]
 +
 +
% use a label text
 +
 +
\setuplabeltext
 +
[Problem=Problem ]
 +
 +
% use your own numbers
 +
 
\setuphead
 
\setuphead
  [subject]
+
[Problem]
  [alternative=text,distance=0pt,command=\MyHead]
+
[ownnumber=yes]
 +
 
 +
% increment and feed
 +
 
 +
\newcounter\ProblemNumber
 +
 
 +
\def\problem#1%
 +
{\doglobal\increment\ProblemNumber
 +
\Problem{\ProblemNumber}{#1}}
 +
 
 +
% nicer here
 +
 
 +
\setuplist
 +
[Problem]
 +
[alternative=c,
 +
criterium=all,
 +
width=2em,
 +
interaction=all]
 +
 
 +
% the test
 +
 
 +
\starttext
 +
 
 +
List of Problems
 +
 
 +
\blank[big] \placelist[Problem] \blank[big]
 +
 
 +
\section{Tufte}
 +
 
 +
\input tufte
 +
 
 +
\problem{First problem}
 +
 
 +
The first problem description.
 +
 
 +
\section{Another Tufte}
 +
 
 +
\input tufte
 +
 
 +
\problem{Second problem}
 +
 
 +
Second problem description.
  
\def\MyHead#1#2{\inmargin{#1 #2}}
+
\stoptext
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
  
This (with 'style=\sc' added in setuphead) gives:
+
===Chapter headers===
 +
 
 +
This is an example of chapter headings with an enlarged shadow behind them, based on [http://archive.contextgarden.net/message/20041020.100630.d531bb1d.en.html 20/10/2004 a solution by Hans].
 +
 
 +
<context source=yes>
 +
\setuppapersize[A5]
 +
 
 +
\useencoding[ffr]
 +
\mainlanguage[fr]
 +
 
 +
\setupcolors[state=start]
 +
 
 +
\definefont[BigFontOne][Regular sa 3] %RegularSlanted sa 3(ori)%Sans sa 3:don't work (pb accents)
 +
\definefont[BigFontTwo][RegularBold sa 2]  %%RegularSlanted
 +
 
 +
\definecolor[BigColorOne][r=.86,g=.850,b=.54]
 +
\definecolor[BigColorTwo][r=.43,g=.425,b=.27]
  
<context>
 
 
\setuphead
 
\setuphead
   [subject]
+
   [chapter]
   [alternative=text,distance=0pt,command=\MyHead,style=\sc]
+
   [textcommand=\MyChapterText,
 +
    color=BigColorTwo,
 +
    style=\BigFontTwo]
 +
 
 +
\def\MyChapterText#1{\rlap{\BigFontOne\BigColorOne#1}\kern15pt#1}
 +
 
 +
\starttext
 +
 
 +
\chapter[chap:ques]{Question}
 +
 
 +
\stoptext
 +
</context>
 +
 
 +
===Figures in Headings===
 +
 
 +
This example shows how to completely replace the chapter text and number by an image:
 +
 
 +
<context source="yes">
 +
\setuppapersize[A5]
 +
\setupexternalfigures[location=default] % needed only for the wiki to the find the figure
 +
 
 +
\useexternalfigure[section-1][cow][width=5cm,height=1cm]
 +
\useexternalfigure[section-2][mill.png][width=5cm,height=1cm]
 +
 
 +
\setuphead
 +
  [section]
 +
  [command=\MySectionCommand]
 +
\setuphead
 +
  [subsection]
 +
  [command=]
 +
 
 +
\define[2]\MySectionCommand%
 +
  {\externalfigure[section-\currentheadnumber]}
 +
 
 +
\starttext
 +
 
 +
\section{One}
 +
\subsection{First subsection of Section One}
 +
\section{Two}
 +
 
 +
\stoptext
 +
</context>
 +
 
 +
There are a few snags though. MkII "forgets" to put the chapter in the
 +
TOC. So you have to set the <tt>deeptextcommand</tt> and
 +
<tt>deepnumbercommand</tt> separately instead (thus retaining the
 +
command that puts the chapter in the TOC), rather than setting the
 +
overall <tt>command</tt>, if you need a complete TOC.
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setuphead
 +
    [chapter]
 +
    [deeptextcommand=\MyChapterTextCommand,
 +
    deepnumbercommand=\gobbleoneargument]      % hide chapter number
 +
 
 +
\def\MyChapterTextCommand#1%
 +
    {\externalfigure[chapter-\currentheadnumber][height=5cm]}
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
[http://archive.contextgarden.net/message/20050519.215526.df7c5cd1.html]
 +
 
 +
Users of MkIV can safely rely on <tt>command</tt> and don't have to bother with the <tt>deep...command</tt> variants. However, {{cmd|currentheadnumber}} does not seem to return anything but 0. Thus, the following code is required to define <tt>\MyChapterCommand</tt> when using MkIV:
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\def\MyChapterCommand#1#2%
 +
  {\externalfigure[chapter-\namedheadnumber{chapter}][height=5cm]}
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
[http://archive.contextgarden.net/message/20100817.102859.206d858e.en.html]
 +
 
 +
===Chapter head with absolute positioning of following text===
  
\def\MyHead#1#2{\inmargin{#1 #2}}
+
No matter how many lines the chapter head runs to, the text will always start, e.g. 4cm below the top of the heading:
  
 +
<context source=yes>
 +
\setuppapersize[A6][A6]
 +
\setupbodyfont[8pt]
 +
\def\MyChapterCommand#1#2%
 +
  {\vbox to 4cm\bgroup
 +
    {#1\hskip.75em #2}
 +
    \vss
 +
    \egroup}
 +
\setuphead[chapter][header=nomarking, command=\MyChapterCommand]
 
\starttext
 
\starttext
 +
\chapter{test} \input tufte
 +
\stoptext
 +
</context>
 +
 +
===Section head with underlining to width of last line===
 +
 +
A style called for section headings to be followed by a rule which extends only the width of the text. More tricky was the need to make sure that if the text ran onto another line, it was the length of the ''last'' line that was to be followed.
 +
 +
Hans came up with this cleverness, showing two alternate ways of doing it:
  
\subject{First Subject}
+
<context source="yes">
This is the text in the first subject. This is the text in the first subject.
+
\setuppapersize[A5]
This is the text in the first subject. This is the text in the first subject.
+
 
This is the text in the first subject. This is the text in the first subject.
+
% ---- First solution ----
This is the text in the first subject. This is the text in the first subject.
+
 
 +
\def\FirstSolution#1#2%
 +
  {\vbox\bgroup
 +
  \setbox0\hbox{#1}
 +
  \hsize.4\textwidth
 +
  \beginshapebox#2\endshapebox
 +
  \gdef\SetLastLineWidth{\xdef\LastLineWidth{\the\wd\scratchbox}}%
 +
  \reshapebox
 +
    {\setbox\scratchbox\hbox{\unhbox\shapebox}%
 +
      \SetLastLineWidth
 +
      \globallet\SetLastLineWidth\relax
 +
      \box\scratchbox}%
 +
  \scratchdimen\dimexpr\wd0+.25em+\LastLineWidth\relax
 +
% \setbox2\ruledvbox  {\innerflushshapebox}
 +
% why is correction needed
 +
  \setbox2\vbox        {\vskip-\lineskip\innerflushshapebox}
 +
  \setbox0\vbox to \ht2{\box0}
 +
  \hbox{\box0\hskip.25em\box2}
 +
  \offinterlineskip
 +
  \vskip.25ex
 +
  \blackrule[width=\scratchdimen,height=1pt]
 +
  \egroup}
 +
 
 +
% ---- Second solution ----
 +
 
 +
\doglobal\newcounter\NextLinePos
 +
 
 +
\def\SecondSolution#1#2%
 +
  {\vbox\bgroup
 +
  \hsize.4\textwidth
 +
  \doglobal\increment\NextLinePos
 +
  \setbox\scratchbox\hbox{#1}
 +
  \hbox{\vtop{\copy\scratchbox}\hskip.25em\vtop{#2}}%
 +
  \offinterlineskip
 +
  \scratchdimen\dimexpr\wd\scratchbox+.25em+
 +
    \MPx{e:npl:\NextLinePos}-\MPx{b:npl:\NextLinePos}\relax
 +
  \vskip.25ex
 +
  \blackrule[width=\scratchdimen,height=1pt]
 +
  \egroup}
 +
 
 +
\def\DoSecondSolution#1%
 +
  {\bpos{npl:\NextLinePos}#1\epos{npl:\NextLinePos}}
 +
 
 +
% ---- Trying it out solution ----
 +
 
 +
% \showstruts
  
\subject{Second Subject}
+
\starttext
This is the text in the second subject. This is the text in the second subject.
+
\setuphead[section][command=\FirstSolution]
This is the text in the second subject. This is the text in the second subject.
+
    \section{is this nice or not}
This is the text in the second subject. This is the text in the second subject.
+
    \section{is this nice or not nice, that's the question}
This is the text in the second subject. This is the text in the second subject.
 
  
 +
\setuphead[section][command=\SecondSolution,deeptextcommand=\DoSecondSolution]
 +
    \section{is this nice or not}
 +
    \section{is this nice or not nice, that's the question}
 
\stoptext
 
\stoptext
 
</context>
 
</context>
  
See the mailing list thread [[http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-context/2003/002053.html]] for more on this.
+
As if that wasn't enough, Taco pointed out that {{cmd|lastlinewidth}}
 +
is the easy route to finding the width of the last line. Use something like:
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\optimizedisplayspacingtrue\setlastlinewidth % core-mat macro
 +
\global\advance\lastlinewidth-\hangindent\par % adjust
 +
\blackrule[width=\lastlinewidth,height=1pt]
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
=== Flushing section head data without typesetting them in the text ===
 +
 
 +
The following is probably a very special case. Hoever suppose you need to place section information like the title e.g. in the topspace area. You want that the section is still displayed in the TOC, but you do not want that at the spot where {{cmd|startsection|2=[title=...,list=...]}} resides there is any trace of it. The command to be used to hide the section title is:
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setuphead
 +
  [section]
 +
  [placehead=hidden]
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
Be aware that with this setting indeed the section title is not shown and no white space is inserted. However in this way also the list entry for the TOC is gone. What you can do in such cases is to use the following command in connection with the above mentioned setting:
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setuptexttexts[{\placerawheaddata[section]}
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
What happens is that the information in the {{cmd|startsection|2=[title=...,list=...]}} command is passed to the texttexts, which are flushed at every page. In order to see when it is flushed you might place e.g. !!! in front of the {{cmd|placerawheaddata|2=[section]}}.
 +
 
 +
The result is a complete TOC without any trace of the section heading in the text.
 +
 
 +
'''Test:'''
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setuphead
 +
  [section]
 +
  [placehead=hidden,
 +
    page=yes]
 +
 
 +
\setuphead
 +
  [subsection]
 +
  [placehead=yes,
 +
    page=yes,
 +
    continue=yes,
 +
    style=\it]
 +
 
 +
\setuptexttexts[{\placerawheaddata[section]}]
 +
 
 +
\starttext
 +
 
 +
\placelist[section,subsection] \page
 +
 
 +
\startsection[title=First section]
 +
 
 +
  \startsubsection[title=First subsection]
 +
      Lorem ipsum \dots
 +
  \stopsubsection
 +
 
 +
  \startsubsection[title=second subsection]
 +
      Lorem ipsum \dots
 +
  \stopsubsection
 +
 
 +
\stopsection
 +
 
 +
\startsection[title=Second section]
 +
 
 +
  \startsubsection[title=First subsection]
 +
      Lorem ipsum \dots
 +
  \stopsubsection
 +
 
 +
\stopsection
 +
 
 +
\stoptext
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
===Section head without chapter number ===
 +
 
 +
If you only want the section number (in mark IV) in the section title you add
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setuphead[section][sectionsegments=section]
 +
\starttext
 +
\chapter{Eric}
 +
\section{Foo 1}
 +
\subsection{Bar one}
 +
\section{Foo 2}
 +
\stoptext
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
But as once you changed one you have to change the lower ones.
 +
So you have to add the definition of sectionsegments in subsection, subsubsection, ...
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\setuphead[section][sectionsegments=section]
 +
\setuphead[subsection][sectionsegments=section:subsection]
 +
\setuphead[subsubsection][sectionsegments=section:subsubsection]
 +
 
 +
\starttext
 +
\chapter{Eric}
 +
\section{Foo 1}
 +
\subsection{Bar one}
 +
\subsubsection{Barbar one }
 +
\subsubsection{Barbar two}
 +
\subsection{Bar two}
 +
\subsubsection{Barbar one}
 +
\subsubsection{Barbar two}
 +
\section{Foo 2}
 +
\subsection{Bar one}
 +
\subsubsection{Barbar one}
 +
\subsubsection{Barbar two}
 +
\stoptext
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
It's not written here but you can also change the conversion of the numbering with
 +
 
 +
<texcode>
 +
\definestructureconversionset[mySet][A,R,n,n,a,r][n]
 +
\setuphead[chapter,section,subsection,subsubsection,subsubsubsection][sectionconversionset=mySet]
 +
</texcode>
 +
 
 +
The parameters in definestructureconversionset are
 +
 
 +
the set name
 +
 
 +
the codes for conversion (one for each level)
 +
 
 +
the default conversion for the missing level
 +
 
 +
You can find the conversions codes at [http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Conversions]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Fonts]]
 +
[[Category:Graphics]]
 +
[[Category:Text elements]]

Revision as of 08:47, 16 July 2018

< Structurals | Visuals >

Default

Titles define the structure of your document. Decide yourself, how deep you want to nest them:

Numbered Unnumbered
\part &#151;
\chapter \title
\section \subject
\subsection \subsubject
\subsubsection \subsubsubject
... ...

The unnumbered versions don't appear in a table of contents! To change that, see the section on Unnumbered titles in the table of contents.

Also note that in the front matter of the document, all titles are unnumbered by default. The titles from the 'numbered' category still show up in the table of contents, though, and the titles from the 'unnumbered' category still don't.

Referencing Titles

Every heading command can take an optional parameter as reference:

\title[hasselt-by-night]{Hasselt by night}

The bracket pair is optional and used for internal References. If you want to refer to this header you type for example

\at{page}[hasselt-by-night].

See \at.

Note that reference labels are limited to ASCII characters in traditional TeX. This limitation has been removed in ConTeXt mkiv.

New MkIV Sectioning

ConTeXt MkIV adds several new commands which supersede the older \chapter, \section etc. The new commands are more verbose, but also more flexible, and allow better support for tagged-PDF, XML and ePUB output.

Traditional New
\part \startpart
\chapter \startchapter
\section \startsection
\subsection \startsubsection
\subsubsection \startsubsubsection
\title \starttitle
\subject \startsubject
... ...

Each of these start-commands has a corresponding stop-command which should be used at the end of the section. For example:

% mode=mkiv
\setuppapersize[A5]

\section[sec:old]{Old Section}

This is an old-style \ConTeXt\ section.

\startsection
   [
        title={New Section},
        reference=sec:new,
   ]

This is a new-style section.
\stopsection

produces

The following keys are available for the start-commands:

Key Description
reference= The reference key for cross-referencing (with \at, \in etc.)
title= The title of the section
list= The title to show in the table of contents, if different
bookmark= The title to show in the PDF bookmarks, if different
marking= The title to use in the section marking, if different
label= ?

It is also possible to set per-section variables, and retrieve them with the \structureuservariable command:

% mode=mkiv
\setuppapersize[A5]

\startchapter[title={Foo Bar}][foo=bar]

foo is \quote{\structureuservariable{foo}}

\stopchapter

produces

Titling Style

see \setuphead and some enhanced samples below.

A FAQ is, how to get a line under the pageheader:

\setupheader[after=\hrule]

To make the section numbers appear as characters, do

\setupsection[section-3][bodypartconversion=Character]

The section-3 corresponds to section. Similarly, section-1 corresponds to part, section-2 corresponds to chapter and so on.

Titling Alignment

Titles should often be left aligned without hyphenation. Try this:

\setuphead[chapter][align={flushleft, nothyphenated, verytolerant}]

Using colors in chapters and sections

If you want you may have colors on your document's chapters or sections. To do that you should use \setuphead. Take a look at the following example:

\setupcolors[state=start] % Important. You won't have colors without it.

\setuphead[chapter][header=empty] % Chapter pages won't have headers

\setupheadertexts[][chapter]      %  The header will be the chapter's name

\starttext

\completecontent

\chapter{Black chapter 1}

\setuphead[section][color=darkcyan]  % This is how you change your chapter's color.

\section{Dark cyan section 1.1}

\page
Test.

\setuphead[chapter][color=darkgreen]

\chapter{Dark green chapter}

\page
Test.

\setuphead[chapter][color=red]

\chapter{Red chapter}

\page
Test.

\stoptext 

Your Own Titling Levels

Of course you can define your own titling commands and probably must adapt the default settings.

\definehead[myheader][section]

\setuphead
  [myheader]
  [numberstyle=bold,
   textstyle=cap,
   before=\hairline\blank,
   after=\nowhitespace\hairline]

\myheader[hasselt-ref]{Hasselt makes headlines}

A new header \myheader is defined and it inherits the properties of \section (title, subject, whatever). You can define several headers at once!

Formatting Titles with \setuphead

The following parameters to \setuphead change the style of the heading.

Text Number
textstyle numberstyle
textcommand numbercommand
deeptextcommand deepnumbercommand

Quite obviously, the number commands work on the chapter/section/etc. number, their text counterparts change the text itself. However, there are differences between style, command and deepcommand.

The style variants accept a style (bold, cap, etc.) or a font switch (\em, \tfx, etc). textstyle prepends the text with the associated style. textcommand is a command name which is given the text (with all markup) as a parameter. deeptextcommand is similar to textcommand but it acts only on the text (not on the markup).

So, if we have \title{A story}, the different parameters have the following results:

textstyle=\em => \em A story
textstyle=\em, textcommand=\uppercase => \uppercase{\em A story} => \em A STORY
textstyle=\em, deeptextcommand=\uppercase => \em\uppercase{A story} => \em A STORY

What is the difference between textcommand and deeptextcommand, then? With this example there is very little difference, as uppercase knows how to handle markup. Sometimes this is not the case. For example, an almost similar command WORD is not compatible with textcommand, because it wreaks havoc with markup:

textstyle=\em, textcommand=\WORD => \WORD{\em A story} => \EM A STORY
textstyle=\em, deeptextcommand=\WORD => \em\WORD{A story} => \em A STORY

In this case using deeptextcommand is the correct solution for capitalizing headers. (Using \uppercase works in this specific case, but only if you stick to Latin 1 or Anglo-Saxon characters. Other languages will suffer from lowercase accented characters, like CAFé.)

Use \setuphead[part][conversion=Romannumerals], for example, to employ an alternative numbering scheme.

Truly empty pagebreak before chapters

Using \setuppagenumbering[alternative=doublesided] makes the chapters start on the right page. However, the blank page is not truly empty, it contains headers and footers. To get truly empty pages, use the following

\definepagebreak
  [mychapterpagebreak]
  [yes,header,right]
 %[yes,header,left]
 %[yes,header,footer,right]

\setuphead
  [chapter]
  [page=mychapterpagebreak]
 %[page=Mychapterpagebreak,header=empty,footer=empty]

%\setupsectionblock[frontpart][page=chapter]
%\setupsectionblock[bodypart][page=chapter]
%\setupsectionblock[backpart][page=chapter]
%\setupsectionblock[appendix][page=chapter]

\setuppagenumbering[alternative=doublesided,location={header,margin}]
\setupheadertexts[{My special headertext}]
\setupfootertexts[This is a text in the footer]
%\setupbackgrounds[header][text][bottomframe=on]

\starttext
  \chapter{testA} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
  \chapter{testB} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
  \chapter{testC} \dorecurse{10}{\input tufte }
\stoptext

Explanation (provided by Willi Egger on the mailing list)

  • You define a new pagebreak rule. It has the name mychapterpagebreak. The options set read as: pagebreak=yes, placeheader, use a right page.
  • You set options for the header of type chapter and use for the option page the afore defined new pagebreak.
  • You might want to experiment with the commented lines and see what happens. For example, the \setupsectionblock commands will give a truly blank page (if needed) after the specified stop*part command.

When using front, body, back matters and appendices

As Wolfgang explained on the mailing list, when using *frontmatter, *bodymatter, *backmatter and *appendices, you need to remove the page they create to get the page before a new chapter or part with no headers and footers.

\setupsectionblock[frontpart][page=]
\setupsectionblock[bodypart] [page=]
\setupsectionblock[backpart] [page=]
\setupsectionblock[appendix] [page=]
\definepagebreak[firstpagebreak][yes,header,footer,right]
\setuphead[chapter][page=firstpagebreak]
\setuppagenumbering[alternative=doublesided]
\starttext
\startfrontmatter
\chapter{front}
\stopfrontmatter
\startbodymatter
\chapter{body}
\stopbodymatter
\startappendices
\chapter{appendix}
\stopappendices
\startbackmatter
\chapter{back}
\stopbackmatter
\stoptext

Independent Section Numbering

If you want section numbering to be independent of chapter numbering, use

\setuphead   [chapter][resetnumber=no]
\setupsection[section][previousnumber=no]

This is handled differently in mkiv (where "resetnumber=no" is silently ignored):

\definestructureresetset[default][1,1,0][1] % reset part, chapter, but not section
\setuphead[sectionresetset=default]

Unnumbered titles in table of contents

Sometimes one wants an unnumbered chapter, say introduction, the following might do that trick:

\setuppapersize[A5]

\definehead     [intro] [chapter]
\setuphead      [intro] [number=no]

\definecombinedlist     [content][intro,chapter,section]
\setuplist      [intro] [headnumber=no]

\starttext
\completecontent
\startfrontmatter
\intro{No number}
\stopfrontmatter

\startbodymatter
\chapter{Has number}
\stopbodymatter
\stoptext

Note that just putting the introduction in the frontmatter already did the trick for me (on a recent MkIV).

An alternative approach:

\setuphead[title][
    incrementnumber=yes, % keep an internal title counter+list
    number=no]           % don't display the counter

% Manually specify the composition of the section and subsection
% numbers, so subsection 1.1 in the second title won't appear as
% Subsection 2.1.1
\setuphead[section][sectionsegments=section]
\setuphead[subsection][sectionsegments=section:subsection]   

% Redefine the toc list to include titles
\definecombinedlist[content][title, section]

Complete Section Numbering

You might have documents in which your sections don’t follow the structure, such as in:

\section{A}
%\subsection{B}
\subsubsection{C}

In that case, you would get 1 A 1 C. To enable complete section numbering, you would need in this case (using a beta after 2017.08.07 11:30):

\setuphead[subsection][criterium=all]

Your Own Title Styles

Sometimes the possibilities of \setuphead aren't enough. You can define your own styling commands, as shown in the following examples.

Start the title in the margin

This very simple example shows how to start a title within the margin, rather than at the text's edge

\setuppapersize[A5]
\setuphead[chapter][alternative=margin]

\chapter{Sample chapter}

Number is in margin, not at text edge.

Chapter titles in new line

To have the chapter title simply in a new line a new command needs to be defined that takes care of this. It needs to be wrapped in \framed.

\setuppapersize[A5]
\setuplabeltext [en] [chapter=Chapter~]
\define[2]\MyChapter
  {\framed[frame=off,width=broad,align=flushleft]{#1\\#2}}
\setuphead [chapter] [command=\MyChapter]
\chapter{Foo Bar}

Expanded chapter titles

This example illustrates expanded chapter titles.

\setuppapersize[A5]
\define[2]\MyChapterCommand%
  {\framed[frame=off,bottomframe=on,topframe=on]
     {\vbox{\headtext{chapter} #1\blank#2}}}

\setuphead[chapter][command=\MyChapterCommand, style={\ss\bfa}]
\setupheadtext[chapter=Chapter]

\chapter{My First Chapter}

Exercise numbers

For a textbook, suppose that you collect the exercises in a section at the end of each chapter, with each exercise a subsection having a short title, and the exercises should be numbered only by the subsection (not 1.6.7 for example, just 7). The usage:

\section{Exercises}

\exercise{Batteries}
What is the cost of energy from a 9V battery?  From a wall socket (the mains)?

The setup code:

\definehead[exercise][subsection]

\setuphead
  [exercise]
  [style=italic, 
   numbercommand={\determineheadnumber[subsection]\currentheadnumber\gobbleoneargument}]

A complex graphical element under the chapter title

   \setuppapersize[A6]
   \setupcolors[state=start]
   \startuseMPgraphic{HeaderDeco}
           numeric w, h, repeats;
           path p[];
           w := OverlayWidth ; h := OverlayHeight ;
           repeats := abs(TextWidth/BodyFontSize);
           p[1] := unitsquare xscaled w yscaled h ;
           draw p[1] withcolor white;
           p[2] := fullcircle scaled BodyFontSize;
           p[3] := fullcircle scaled .25BodyFontSize;
           draw p[2] shifted (.5BodyFontSize,0);
           for i = 1 upto repeats:
               if odd i :
                   filldraw p[3] shifted (i*BodyFontSize+.5BodyFontSize,0);
               else :
                   draw p[2] shifted (i*BodyFontSize+.5BodyFontSize,0);
           fi;
          endfor;
   \stopuseMPgraphic

   \setuphead[chapter][command=\Myheader]
   \setupheadtext
         [chapter=Chapitre]
   \defineoverlay[HeaderDeco][\uniqueMPgraphic{HeaderDeco}]

   \define[2]\Myheader{%
       \framedtext
           [width= \overlaywidth,
           height=6\bodyfontsize,
           background={foreground,HeaderDeco},
           offset=0pt,
           strut=no,
           frame=off,
           align=middle]{%
               \headtext{chapter} #1
               \blank[small]
               #2}}

\starttext
   \chapter{Here we go!}
\stoptext

Title page with special background

If you want the title page of every chapter to have a special background (different from the background of normal pages), here's a very effective trick that Hans has provided on the mailing list. In addition, this will give every chapter its own color scheme (Mkiv only, hence won't compile on contextgarden):

\startMPinclusions
    numeric MyTitlePageDone[] ;
\stopMPinclusions

\startuseMPgraphic{background:normal}
  StartPage ;
    fill (topboundary Page -- cycle) enlarged(0,5mm) 
    shifted (0,-5mm) withcolor blue ;
  StopPage ;
\stopuseMPgraphic

\defineoverlay
  [background:normal]
  [\useMPgraphic{background:normal}]

\startuseMPgraphic{background:title}
  if unknown MyTitlePageDone.\namedstructureuservariable{chapter}{mycolor} :
    StartPage ;
       fill ((topboundary Page --cycle) enlarged(0,5mm)) shifted (0,-20mm)
            withcolor \MPcolor{color:title:\namedstructureuservariable{chapter}{mycolor}} ;
    StopPage ;
    MyTitlePageDone.\namedstructureuservariable{chapter}{mycolor} := 1 ;
  fi ;
\stopuseMPgraphic

\defineoverlay
  [background:title]
  [\useMPgraphic{background:title}]

\setupbackgrounds
  [page]
  [background={background:normal,background:title}]

\definecolor [color:title:one]      [red]
\definecolor [color:title:two]      [blue]

\starttext

\startchapter[title=One][mycolor=one] \input tufte \page \input knuth \stopchapter
\startchapter[title=Two][mycolor=two] \input tufte \page \input knuth \stopchapter

\stoptext

Titles in margin

It is sometimes wanted to place the title of a section/subject etc in the margin next to the section text (instead of above it). This is achieved by the following setup:

\setuppapersize[A5]
\setuphead
   [subject]
   [alternative=text,distance=0pt,command=\MyHead,style=\sc]

\define[2]\MyHead{\inmargin{#1 #2}}

\starttext

\subject{First Subject}
\input weisman

\subject{Second Subject}
\input ward

\stoptext

See the mailing list thread for more on this.

Headings numbered independent of chapters or other headings

If you want a heading that gets numbered without resetting at new sections or chapters (for example, for problems whose numbers increment throughout a book), here is a solution due to Hans on the mailing list:

% use a lower level head

\definehead
[Problem]
[subsubsubsection]

% cleaned up

\setuphead
[Problem]
[style=\ss\bf,
color=red,
before=\blank]

% use a label text

\setuplabeltext
[Problem=Problem ]

% use your own numbers

\setuphead
[Problem]
[ownnumber=yes]

% increment and feed

\newcounter\ProblemNumber

\def\problem#1%
{\doglobal\increment\ProblemNumber
\Problem{\ProblemNumber}{#1}}

% nicer here

\setuplist
[Problem]
[alternative=c,
criterium=all,
width=2em,
interaction=all]

% the test

\starttext

List of Problems

\blank[big] \placelist[Problem] \blank[big]

\section{Tufte}

\input tufte

\problem{First problem}

The first problem description.

\section{Another Tufte}

\input tufte

\problem{Second problem}

Second problem description.

\stoptext

Chapter headers

This is an example of chapter headings with an enlarged shadow behind them, based on 20/10/2004 a solution by Hans.

\setuppapersize[A5]

\useencoding[ffr]
\mainlanguage[fr]

\setupcolors[state=start]

\definefont[BigFontOne][Regular sa 3] %RegularSlanted sa 3(ori)%Sans sa 3:don't work (pb accents)
\definefont[BigFontTwo][RegularBold sa 2]   %%RegularSlanted

\definecolor[BigColorOne][r=.86,g=.850,b=.54]
\definecolor[BigColorTwo][r=.43,g=.425,b=.27]

\setuphead
   [chapter]
   [textcommand=\MyChapterText,
    color=BigColorTwo,
    style=\BigFontTwo]

\def\MyChapterText#1{\rlap{\BigFontOne\BigColorOne#1}\kern15pt#1}

\starttext

\chapter[chap:ques]{Question}

\stoptext

Figures in Headings

This example shows how to completely replace the chapter text and number by an image:

\setuppapersize[A5]
\setupexternalfigures[location=default] % needed only for the wiki to the find the figure

\useexternalfigure[section-1][cow][width=5cm,height=1cm]
\useexternalfigure[section-2][mill.png][width=5cm,height=1cm]

\setuphead
   [section]
   [command=\MySectionCommand]
\setuphead
   [subsection]
   [command=]

\define[2]\MySectionCommand%
   {\externalfigure[section-\currentheadnumber]}

\starttext

\section{One}
\subsection{First subsection of Section One}
\section{Two}

\stoptext

There are a few snags though. MkII "forgets" to put the chapter in the TOC. So you have to set the deeptextcommand and deepnumbercommand separately instead (thus retaining the command that puts the chapter in the TOC), rather than setting the overall command, if you need a complete TOC.

\setuphead
    [chapter]
    [deeptextcommand=\MyChapterTextCommand,
     deepnumbercommand=\gobbleoneargument]      % hide chapter number

\def\MyChapterTextCommand#1%
    {\externalfigure[chapter-\currentheadnumber][height=5cm]}

[1]

Users of MkIV can safely rely on command and don't have to bother with the deep...command variants. However, \currentheadnumber does not seem to return anything but 0. Thus, the following code is required to define \MyChapterCommand when using MkIV:

\def\MyChapterCommand#1#2%
   {\externalfigure[chapter-\namedheadnumber{chapter}][height=5cm]}

[2]

Chapter head with absolute positioning of following text

No matter how many lines the chapter head runs to, the text will always start, e.g. 4cm below the top of the heading:

\setuppapersize[A6][A6]
\setupbodyfont[8pt]
\def\MyChapterCommand#1#2%
  {\vbox to 4cm\bgroup
     {#1\hskip.75em #2}
     \vss
     \egroup}
\setuphead[chapter][header=nomarking, command=\MyChapterCommand]
\starttext
\chapter{test} \input tufte
\stoptext

Section head with underlining to width of last line

A style called for section headings to be followed by a rule which extends only the width of the text. More tricky was the need to make sure that if the text ran onto another line, it was the length of the last line that was to be followed.

Hans came up with this cleverness, showing two alternate ways of doing it:

\setuppapersize[A5]

% ---- First solution ----

\def\FirstSolution#1#2%
  {\vbox\bgroup
   \setbox0\hbox{#1}
   \hsize.4\textwidth
   \beginshapebox#2\endshapebox
   \gdef\SetLastLineWidth{\xdef\LastLineWidth{\the\wd\scratchbox}}%
   \reshapebox
     {\setbox\scratchbox\hbox{\unhbox\shapebox}%
      \SetLastLineWidth
      \globallet\SetLastLineWidth\relax
      \box\scratchbox}%
   \scratchdimen\dimexpr\wd0+.25em+\LastLineWidth\relax
% \setbox2\ruledvbox   {\innerflushshapebox} 
% why is correction needed
   \setbox2\vbox        {\vskip-\lineskip\innerflushshapebox}
   \setbox0\vbox to \ht2{\box0}
   \hbox{\box0\hskip.25em\box2}
   \offinterlineskip
   \vskip.25ex
   \blackrule[width=\scratchdimen,height=1pt]
   \egroup}

% ---- Second solution ----

\doglobal\newcounter\NextLinePos

\def\SecondSolution#1#2%
  {\vbox\bgroup
   \hsize.4\textwidth
   \doglobal\increment\NextLinePos
   \setbox\scratchbox\hbox{#1}
   \hbox{\vtop{\copy\scratchbox}\hskip.25em\vtop{#2}}%
   \offinterlineskip
   \scratchdimen\dimexpr\wd\scratchbox+.25em+
     \MPx{e:npl:\NextLinePos}-\MPx{b:npl:\NextLinePos}\relax
   \vskip.25ex
   \blackrule[width=\scratchdimen,height=1pt]
   \egroup}

\def\DoSecondSolution#1%
  {\bpos{npl:\NextLinePos}#1\epos{npl:\NextLinePos}}

% ---- Trying it out solution ----

% \showstruts

\starttext
\setuphead[section][command=\FirstSolution]
    \section{is this nice or not}
    \section{is this nice or not nice, that's the question}

\setuphead[section][command=\SecondSolution,deeptextcommand=\DoSecondSolution]
    \section{is this nice or not}
    \section{is this nice or not nice, that's the question}
\stoptext

As if that wasn't enough, Taco pointed out that \lastlinewidth is the easy route to finding the width of the last line. Use something like:

\optimizedisplayspacingtrue\setlastlinewidth % core-mat macro
\global\advance\lastlinewidth-\hangindent\par % adjust
\blackrule[width=\lastlinewidth,height=1pt]

Flushing section head data without typesetting them in the text

The following is probably a very special case. Hoever suppose you need to place section information like the title e.g. in the topspace area. You want that the section is still displayed in the TOC, but you do not want that at the spot where \startsection[title=...,list=...] resides there is any trace of it. The command to be used to hide the section title is:

\setuphead
   [section]
   [placehead=hidden] 

Be aware that with this setting indeed the section title is not shown and no white space is inserted. However in this way also the list entry for the TOC is gone. What you can do in such cases is to use the following command in connection with the above mentioned setting:

\setuptexttexts[{\placerawheaddata[section]} 

What happens is that the information in the \startsection[title=...,list=...] command is passed to the texttexts, which are flushed at every page. In order to see when it is flushed you might place e.g. !!! in front of the \placerawheaddata[section].

The result is a complete TOC without any trace of the section heading in the text.

Test:

\setuphead
   [section]
   [placehead=hidden,
    page=yes]

\setuphead
   [subsection]
   [placehead=yes,
    page=yes,
    continue=yes,
    style=\it]

\setuptexttexts[{\placerawheaddata[section]}]

\starttext

\placelist[section,subsection] \page

\startsection[title=First section]

   \startsubsection[title=First subsection]
      Lorem ipsum \dots
   \stopsubsection

   \startsubsection[title=second subsection]
      Lorem ipsum \dots
   \stopsubsection

\stopsection

\startsection[title=Second section]

   \startsubsection[title=First subsection]
      Lorem ipsum \dots
   \stopsubsection

\stopsection

\stoptext

Section head without chapter number

If you only want the section number (in mark IV) in the section title you add


\setuphead[section][sectionsegments=section]
\starttext
\chapter{Eric}
\section{Foo 1}
\subsection{Bar one}
\section{Foo 2}
\stoptext

But as once you changed one you have to change the lower ones. So you have to add the definition of sectionsegments in subsection, subsubsection, ...

\setuphead[section][sectionsegments=section]
\setuphead[subsection][sectionsegments=section:subsection]
\setuphead[subsubsection][sectionsegments=section:subsubsection]

\starttext
\chapter{Eric}
\section{Foo 1}
\subsection{Bar one}
\subsubsection{Barbar one }
\subsubsection{Barbar two}
\subsection{Bar two}
\subsubsection{Barbar one}
\subsubsection{Barbar two}
\section{Foo 2}
\subsection{Bar one}
\subsubsection{Barbar one}
\subsubsection{Barbar two}
\stoptext

It's not written here but you can also change the conversion of the numbering with

\definestructureconversionset[mySet][A,R,n,n,a,r][n] 
\setuphead[chapter,section,subsection,subsubsection,subsubsubsection][sectionconversionset=mySet]

The parameters in definestructureconversionset are

the set name

the codes for conversion (one for each level)

the default conversion for the missing level

You can find the conversions codes at [3]