Math

Introduction

TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier.

There are two kinds of math modes --- inline math and display math. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs. Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.

The basics of typesetting math in ConTeXt is explained here.

Display math mode

Type \startformula to get display math mode.

The famous result (once more) is given by
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
\stopformula

Inline math mode

There are four equivalent commands to get inline math mode: \$, \m, \math, \mathematics to get display inline math mode.

\framed[align=normal,frame=off]{%
The famous result (once more) is given by $ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\par         % TeX style.
The famous result (once more) is given by \m{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par            
The famous result (once more) is given by \math{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par         
The famous result (once more) is given by \mathematics{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.}

Typesetting of math formulae, more details

• Math/Display for
  • numbering
  • referencing
  • sub-formulae
  • list of Formulae
  • formating
• Multiline equations (see Using \mathalign and friends)
  • * Cases, matrices, bordermatrix
• Matrix in maths
• \startcases
• Math spacing

• Discussion: summary of formula numbering problems (comment: unverified)

Math symbols

• How to input math (binary relations, greek letters, subscripts and superscripts)
• Accents
• underbrace, overbrace
• Fractions, Binomials, genfrac, continued fractions.
• Delimiters (big, bigg, left, middle, right)
• Integrals and Sums
• (Log like) functions
• dots
• Arrows (see Math Arrows)
• Vectors
• Product integral
• Number Formatting : there's a special command, \digits, with its own manual about formatting numbers, see Pasting digits together

Plotting

• Data plotting with module graph

Math Fonts

• See Math fonts for the main article about this subject.
• math calligraphic
• Use mathstackers in order to define new math commands in which some characters are stacked over another one

Links

• 2022 — TUG - Pushing math forward with luametatex and ConTeXt from Mikael P. Sundqvist.
  • the slides
  • the article (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)
  • a second article (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2) about New directions in math fonts.
• 2010 - Using \startalign and friends from Aditya Mahajan (My Way)
• 2008 - Display Math in Formula - Where is it and where can it go from Aditya Mahajan (presentation)

Notes

Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt

See also Expressions (i.e. doing math).

Note to Plain TeX Users

ConTeXt is plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. Do not use $$ .... $$ to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use \startformula and \stopformula.

Note to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users

ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and LaTeX. However, ConTeXt syntax is different. See this My Way for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.

Other Methods

• The "native" ConTeXt way of math is MathML, an application of XML - rather verbose but mighty.
• There are two different math modules on CTAN, nath and amsl. And there's a new math module in the distribution.
• It is also possible to use most LaTeX equations in ConTeXt with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.